退火对激光粉末床熔融AlCoCrCuFeNi高熵合金磁性能和力学性能的影响研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260082

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 热处理相变是影响增材制造高熵合金(High-entropy alloys, HEAs)磁性能和力学性能的关键因素。采用激光粉末床熔融(LPBF) 3D打印技术成功制备了等原子比AlCoCrCuFeNi HEAs并系统研究了不同温度(600～1 100 ℃)退火工艺对其微观组织演变、磁性能和微观力学性能的影响。结果表明，打印态合金为随机取向的柱状晶沿熔池外延生长，由有序BCC基体相和少量FCC析出相组成。随着退火温度的升高，合金经历回复和再结晶过程，FCC相逐渐从BCC相基体中析出并占据主导地位，析出和再结晶行为协同影响合金的微观组织结构。打印态和退火态合金均表现出优异的力学性能，且随着退火温度的升高，纳米硬度和维氏硬度呈现出先增加后减小的趋势；当退火温度为600 ℃时，试样纳米硬度和维氏硬度最大，分别为9.57 GPa和692.6 HV。试样具有优异的半硬磁特性，且随着退火温度的升高饱和磁化强度(M_s)、矫顽力(H_c)呈现先增大后减小的趋势，磁晶各向异性常数(k₁)呈现先增加后减小又增加的趋势；当退火温度为600 ℃时M_s和H_c均具有最大值，分别为60.12 A·m²/kg、7.16 kA/m。本工作可为后续通过退火工艺调节高熵合金的微观结构和综合磁学性能提供一定的研究思路。

关键词: AlCoCrCuFeNi高熵合金, LPBF, 热处理, 微观组织, 磁性能, 纳米/维氏硬度

Abstract: Heat treatment phase transition is a key factor affecting the magnetic and mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys (HEAs). AlCoCrCuFeNi HEAs were prepared by a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method and the effects of annealing at different temperatures (600-1 100 ℃) on the microstructures, magnetic and micromechanical properties of AlCoCrCuFeNi HEAs were studied. The results show that the printed alloy is randomly oriented columnar crystals with ordered BCC matrix phase and a small amount of FCC precipitated phase, which epitaxially growth along the molten pool. With the increase of annealing temperature, the alloy underwent recovery and recrystallization process accompanied by the FCC phase gradually separated from the BCC phase matrix and occupied the dominant position. Both the printed and annealed alloys exhibit excellent mechanical properties, while the nanohardness and vickers hardness increase first and then decrease with the increase of annealing temperature. When the annealing temperature is 600 ℃, the nanohardness and vickers hardness of the sample are the highest, which are 9.57 GPa and 692.6 HV, respectively.The samples showed typical semi-hard magnetic properties with the saturation magnetization (M_s) and coercivity (H_c) first increased and then decreased with the increase of annealing temperature, but the magnetic crystal anisotropy constant (k₁) showed a trend of increasing first, then decreasing and increasing again. When the annealing temperature is 600 ℃, both M_s and H_c have the maximum values, which are 60.12 A·m²/kg and 7.16 kA/m respectively. This work can provide certain research ideas for the subsequent adjustment of the microstructure and comprehensive magnetic properties of HEAs through annealing processes.

Key words: AlCoCrCuFeNi HEA, LPBF, heat-treatment, microstructure, magneitic properties, nanoindentation/vickers hardness

中图分类号:

TG132

胡绪照, 张电宝, 徐震霖, 陈翔霖, 方芳, 夏爱林. 退火对激光粉末床熔融AlCoCrCuFeNi高熵合金磁性能和力学性能的影响研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(3): 235-247.

HU Xuzhao, ZHANG Dianbao, XU Zhenlin, CHEN Xianglin, FANG Fang, XIA Ailin. Effect of Annealing on the Magnetic and Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrCuFeNi High-entropy Alloy Prepared by the Laser Powder Bed Fusion[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(3): 235-247.

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