航空叶片板式楔横轧-模锻复合成形中的组织演变研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260176

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用楔横轧预制坯-模锻终成形短流程复合成形工艺制备TC11钛合金和GH4169高温合金双安装板压气机静子叶片，通过优化楔横轧工艺获得组织形态良好且无心部缺陷的预制坯，进而开展叶片模锻制备并对两类叶片组织演化展开分析。结果表明，钛合金(等轴、双态、魏氏)轧件的心部缺陷均起源于α相/β相界面，提高轧制温度可促进α相向β相转变，从而控制和消除缺陷，其中初始等轴组织轧件达到无缺陷状态所需临界温度最低。高温合金(热轧态、晶内预析出大量δ相、晶界预析出少量以及大量δ相)轧件的心部缺陷形核主要集中于碳化物处，预析出适量δ相会促进再结晶并抑制缺陷扩展从而降低基体损伤程度，但晶界析出粗针状δ相会加速缺陷扩展，其中晶界预析出少量δ相轧件心部质量最好。两类叶片均未出现内部缺陷，钛合金叶片两相分布均匀且α相形状规则，高温合金叶片叶身晶粒尺寸均匀、其他区域存在混晶但晶粒度等级差符合标准要求。验证了新工艺的可靠性，为其发展应用提供了微观层面的理论依据。

关键词: 航空发动机叶片, 双安装板结构, 板式楔横轧, 微观组织, TC11钛合金, GH4169高温合金

Abstract: Compressor stator blades of TC11 titanium alloy and GH4169 superalloy with double mounting plate structure were fabricated using the short-process forming technology combining cross wedge rolling (CWR) with die forging (DF). Preforms with favorable microstructure and no internal defects were obtained by optimizing the CWR process. Subsequently, DF was carried out, and the microstructural evolution of the two types of blades was analyzed. The results show that internal defects in titanium alloy (initial microstructures with equiaxed, duplex, and Widmanstatten) rolled workpieces formed at the interface between α phase and β phase. By improving the rolling temperature, the transformation of α phase to β phase can be promoted, thus help to eliminate internal defects effectively. Among them, the critical temperature required for initial equiaxed rolled workpieces to reach a defect-free state is the lowest. Nucleation of internal defects in superalloy (hot-rolled state, with a substantial amount of δ phase pre-precipitated within the grain, a minimal amount and a significant quantity of δ phase pre-precipitated at the grain boundary) rolled workpieces are primarily concentrated at the carbides. Although proper pre-precipitated δ phase can reduce damage degree in matrix by promoting dynamic recrystallization and pinning effect, coarse needle shaped δ phase precipitation at grain boundary may also accelerate defect propagation. Among them, the pre precipitation of a minimal amount of δ phase at grain boundary results in the lowest damage degree. No internal defects were observed in either type of blade. The titanium alloy blade exhibited a uniform bi-phase distribution with a regular morphology of α phase. The superalloy blade demonstrated uniform grain size in the body section and mixed grains in other regions, with the grain size grade difference meeting standard requirements. These findings validate the reliability of new process and provide a theoretical basis at the microscopic level for its further development and application.

Key words: aero-engine blade, double mounting plate, flat cross wedge rolling, microstructure, TC11 titanium alloy, GH4169 superalloy

中图分类号:

TG316
TG335

刘家旭, 汪大成, 师明杰, 陈帅峰, 张士宏, 程明. 航空叶片板式楔横轧-模锻复合成形中的组织演变研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 62(6): 87-99.

LIU Jiaxu, WANG Dacheng, SHI Mingjie, CHEN Shuaifeng, ZHANG Shihong, CHENG Ming. Investigation on Microstructure Evolution of Aero-engine Blades under Combined Forming Process with Flat Cross Wedge Rolling and Die Forging[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 62(6): 87-99.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260176

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V62/I6/87

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