深冷轧制与深冷处理7075铝合金带材疲劳裂纹扩展性能研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260175

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 7000系铝合金由于较低的密度和高强度常用于飞机框架、桁条和高铁底架、牵引梁等承力构件，因此7000系铝合金需要同时具备高强度和良好的疲劳裂纹扩展性能。以7075铝合金为研究对象，对其进行深冷轧制、人工时效和深冷处理，发现峰值时效虽然可明显提高其强度，但需要注意对疲劳裂纹扩展性能的潜在负面影响。因为峰值时效产生了大量不可被位错剪切的η'相，易产生位错堆积，加速裂纹扩展。深冷处理对7075铝合金的强度影响较小，但可提高7075铝合金的疲劳裂纹扩展性能。深冷轧制后先峰值时效再深冷处理样品(CR-AT-DCT)的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为571 MPa±0.8 MPa，612 MPa ±3 MPa和11.2% ±0.24%。该样品在疲劳裂纹稳定扩展阶段的Paris拟合指数m比深冷轧制后峰值时效样品小7.4%。深冷处理促使PFZs宽度缩小13.8%，导致其疲劳裂纹不易沿轧制向晶界扩展，延缓疲劳裂纹扩展速率。联系微观组织系统研究了深冷轧制、峰值时效和深冷处理复合工艺对7075铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展性能影响，为轻量化设计提供了一个新工艺路线。

关键词: 7075铝合金, 深冷处理, 疲劳裂纹扩展速率, 微观组织演变

Abstract: 7000 series aluminum (Al) alloys are often used in load-bearing components such as aircraft frames, stringers, and the underframes and traction beams of high-speed rails due to their low density and high strength. Not only are high requirements imposed on the strength of 7000 series Al alloys, but they are also required to have good fatigue crack propagation (FCP) performance. Taking AA7075 as object, cryorolling (CR), corresponding artificial aging treatments and deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) were conducted. It is found that although peak aging can significantly improve the strength of AA7075, attention should be paid to its potential negative impact on the FCP performance. Because η' phases are generated during peak aging, which cannot be shorn by dislocations, dislocations accumulate at the crack tip, accelerating crack propagation. By contrast, DCT scarcely affects strength yet distinctly retards FCP. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and fracture elongation (FE) of the sample subjected to peak aging followed by DCT after CR (CR-AT-DCT) are 571 ± 0.8 MPa, 612 ± 3 MPa, and 11.2 ± 0.24%. The Paris fitting index m of the sample subjected to peak aging followed by DCT after CR is 7.4% smaller than that of the sample that only undergoes peak aging after CR during the stable FCP stage. DCT promotes 13.8% reduction in the width of the PFZs, making it difficult for fatigue cracks to propagate along the rolling direction of the grain boundaries and thereby slowing the FCP rate. A systematic investigation correlating microstructure with FCP performance demonstrates that the CR-AT-DCT hybrid route furnishes a new process for lightweight design.

Key words: AA7075, deep cryogenic treatment, fatigue crack propagation rate, microstructural evolution

中图分类号:

TG339

石楠楠, 高海涛, 唐乐千, KONG Charlie, 喻海良. 深冷轧制与深冷处理7075铝合金带材疲劳裂纹扩展性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 62(6): 47-64.

SHI Nannan, GAO Haitao, TANG Leqian, KONG Charlie, YU Hailiang. Investigation on AA7075 Strips Subjected to Cryorolling and Cryogenic Treatment and Their Fatigue Crack Propagation Performance[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 62(6): 47-64.

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