预热温度对电弧增材镁合金与基板结合质量的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.22.088

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探索预热温度对电弧增材镁合金与基板结合质量的影响，分别在基板保持室温（25℃）、预热（100℃、200℃、300℃、400℃）条件下借助电弧增材工艺制备出了AZ91镁合金样件，对样件的宏观成形与基板结合位置及其底部区域的组织和力学性能进行深入分析。研究发现，所得样件构件表面光滑，但随预热温度的升高构件两端出现轻微塌陷，显微组织均呈现出等轴晶的特征，主要由α-Mg、β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂和η-Al₈Mn₅组成。室温（25℃）条件下，沉积层与基板结合不良，存在裂纹和气孔缺陷，两者剪切强度仅为53.4 MPa；预热后，沉积层与基板结合情况得到显著改善，400℃时，剪切强度提升至144.7 MPa。平均硬度随预热温度升高由76.9 HV降至60.9 HV。同时，电弧增材制造得到的镁合金底部区域样件拉伸性能均优于传统压铸态镁合金，随着预热温度的升高，抗拉强度先增加后降低，断后伸长率线性增加。

关键词: 预热温度, 电弧增材, AZ91镁合金, 微观组织, 力学性能

Abstract: To explore the effect of preheating temperature on the bonding quality between arc additive magnesium alloy and substrate, AZ91 magnesium alloy samples are prepared using arc additive technology under the conditions of maintaining the substrate at room and preheating temperature（25 ℃） and preheating（100 ℃, 200 ℃, 300 ℃, 400 ℃）. The macroscopic forming of the samples and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the substrate bonding position and the bottom region are analyzed in depth. The study found that the surface of the obtained sample components is smooth, but with the increase of preheating temperature, slight collapse occurred at both ends of the components, and the microstructure showed equiaxed crystal characteristics, mainly composed of α-Mg, β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂, and η-Al₈ Mn₅. At room temperature（25 ℃）, the fusion between the deposited layer and the substrate is poor, with cracks and porosity defects, and the shear strength of both is only 53.4 MPa; After preheating, the bonding between the deposited layer and the substrate is significantly improved, and the shear strength increased to 144.7 MPa at 400 ℃. The average hardness decreases from 76.9 HV to 60.9 HV as the preheating temperature increases. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy bottom area samples obtained by arc additive manufacturing are superior to those of traditional die cast magnesium alloys. With the increase of preheating temperature, the tensile strength first increases and then decreases, and the elongation at break linearly increases.

Key words: preheating temperature, wire arc additive manufacturing, AZ91 magnesium alloy, microstructure, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TG455

李杰, 范霁康, 蔡佰豪, 段林烨, 杨东青, 王克鸿. 预热温度对电弧增材镁合金与基板结合质量的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(22): 88-96.

LI Jie, FAN Jikang, CAI Baihao, DUAN Linye, YANG Dongqing, WANG Kehong. Effect of Preheating Temperature on the Bonding Quality between Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Magnesium Alloy and Substrate[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(22): 88-96.

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