电弧模式对Ti/Al异质合金直接增材制造界面组织与力学行为影响研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.09.199

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (9): 199-210.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.09.199

• 特邀专栏：高性能制造 • 上一篇

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电弧模式对Ti/Al异质合金直接增材制造界面组织与力学行为影响研究

钦兰云¹, 袁溪涟¹, 赵朔², 杨光¹, 王向明³

1. 沈阳航空航天大学机电工程学院沈阳 110136;
2. 沈阳航空航天大学航空制造工艺数字化国防重点学科实验室沈阳 110136;
3. 中航工业沈阳飞机设计研究所沈阳 110035

收稿日期:2024-05-20 修回日期:2024-10-09 发布日期:2025-06-12
通讯作者: 赵朔,女,1988年出生,博士,讲师。主要研究方向为金属增材制造与3D打印,先进材料设计与表征。E-mail:szhaosau@163.com E-mail:szhaosau@163.com
作者简介:钦兰云,女,1977年出生,博士,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为航空航天先进材料增材制造,电弧、激光成型与修复。E-mail:qinly@sau.edu.cn
基金资助:
中央引导地方科技发展资金专项(2023JH6/100100044)、国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0122600)、国家自然科学基金(52375359)和辽宁省教育厅系列(LJKZ0193/LJKZ0195)资助项目。

Study on the Effect of Arc Mode on the Interface Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Ti / Al Heterogeneous Alloy Direct Additive Manufacturing

QIN Lanyun¹, YUAN Xilian¹, ZHAO Shuo², YANG Guang¹, WANG Xiangming³

1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136;
2. Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science for National Defence of Aeronautical Digital Manufacturing Process, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136;
3. Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute, China Aviation Industry Group Corporatio, Shenyang 110035

Received:2024-05-20 Revised:2024-10-09 Published:2025-06-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 钛/铝合金直接成形过程中，界面极易形成脆性金属间化合物，造成一体化异质构件的开裂与失效。采用冷金属过渡+脉冲(CMT+P)的增材制备工艺在锻造钛合金TC4上直接成形5B06铝合金，获得了力学性能良好的异质合金构件。优化的增材工艺抑制了钛/铝界面脆性金属间化合物的析出与长大，界面处形成微米级锯齿状过渡层，同时研究发现，在CMT+P模式下，脉冲电流引起的剪切应力对熔池内枝晶产生巨大的冲击，促进了熔池内液态金属的强制对流，界面处枝晶破碎成为等轴晶，从钛合金表面生长出的长针状析出相显著减少。同时，脉冲模式的电流起到了细化晶粒尺寸的作用，界面处晶粒细化至4.1 μm。在CMT+P模式下，随着送丝速度增加，力学性能随之提升，在剪切力作用下，界面由脆性断裂转变为脆/韧混合式断裂。研究结果为一体化成形钛/铝异质合金构件的力学性能改善提供了新的思路。

关键词: 钛/铝异质合金, 冷金属过渡+脉冲, 界面组织, 力学性能

Abstract: In the direct manufacturing process of Ti/Al bi-alloys, brittle intermetallic compounds are easily formed at the interface, resulting in cracking and failure of integrated heterogeneous components. The 5B06 aluminum alloy is directly formed on forged TC4 alloy by cold metal transfer + pulse (CMT+P) additive manufacturing technologies, and heteroalloy components with good mechanical properties are obtained. Precipitation and growth of brittle intermetallic compounds at the Ti/Al interface were inhibited by optimizing the process, and a serrated transfer layer with a thickness of several micros is formed at the interface; It is found that in CMT+P mode, the shear stress caused by pulse current had a great impact on the dendrites in the molten pool, which promoted the forced convection of liquid metal in the molten pool, and the dendrites at the interface are broken into fine equiaxed grains, and the long needle-like precipitates grown from the titanium alloy surface decreased obviously. At the same time, the pulsed current played a role in refining grain sizes, and the grain size at the interface is refined to 4.1 μm. In the CMT+P mode, with the increasing of wire feeding speed, the mechanical properties are improved. Under the shear force, the fractures changed from brittle to brittle/ductile mixed fracture. The results provided a new way for improving the mechanical properties of titanium/aluminum heterogeneous alloy components formed by integrated forming.

Key words: Ti / Al heterogeneous alloy, cold metal transfer+pulse, interface microstructure, mechanical property

中图分类号:

V261
TG444

钦兰云, 袁溪涟, 赵朔, 杨光, 王向明. 电弧模式对Ti/Al异质合金直接增材制造界面组织与力学行为影响研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(9): 199-210.

QIN Lanyun, YUAN Xilian, ZHAO Shuo, YANG Guang, WANG Xiangming. Study on the Effect of Arc Mode on the Interface Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Ti / Al Heterogeneous Alloy Direct Additive Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(9): 199-210.

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电弧模式对Ti/Al异质合金直接增材制造界面组织与力学行为影响研究

Study on the Effect of Arc Mode on the Interface Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Ti / Al Heterogeneous Alloy Direct Additive Manufacturing

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