电梯钢带-曳引轮黏弹性动态滑移摩擦学特性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.19.157

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 电梯曳引在实际运行工况下易产生外部黏弹性包覆层磨损问题，导致钢带性能退化和摩擦传动失稳。为此，将电梯钢带-曳引轮动态滑移摩擦副作为研究对象，利用自制钢带摩擦磨损试验机，开展了不同接触载荷与速度下电梯钢带的滑动摩擦试验，揭示了电梯曳引钢带摩擦学特性的变化规律，分析了钢带-曳引轮滑动接触界面的黏弹接触特性对摩擦、磨损以及传热等性能的影响。结果表明，速度对电梯钢带-曳引轮摩擦系数影响较大，其中受Schallamach波的影响，平均摩擦系数在速度为0.5 m/s时达到最大值，约为0.51，不同载荷下的电梯钢带平均摩擦系数均稳定在0.4左右；接触副最大摩擦温升整体呈上升趋势，速度为1.25 m/s时的温升高达80 ℃，载荷为500 N时的温升超过100 ℃。电梯钢带-曳引轮间的接触状态主要包括黏弹性包覆层黏着、钢带表面包覆层-曳引轮相对滑动、第三体滚滑效应和钢带内部钢丝绳-曳引轮相对滑动四个阶段。电梯曳引钢带磨损机理逐渐从以黏着磨损为主，转变为以三体磨粒磨损为主，最后以表面疲劳磨损为主。研究结果为电梯提升系统安全平稳运行提供关键理论依据和数据支撑。

关键词: 电梯钢带, 黏弹性, 摩擦, 磨损

Abstract: Elevator traction steel belt is the core load-bearing and transmission component that replaces traditional steel wire rope to achieve elevator friction drive and lifting. However, it is prone to external viscoelastic coating wear during elevator operation, leading to degradation of steel belt performance and instability of friction transmission, seriously threatening the safety and reliability of the elevator system. To this end, the dynamic sliding friction pair of elevator steel belt traction wheel is taken as the research object, and a self-made steel belt friction and wear testing machine is used to conduct sliding friction tests on elevator steel belt under different contact loads and speeds. The variation law of the frictional characteristics of elevator traction steel belt is revealed, and the influence of the viscoelastic contact characteristics of the steel belt traction wheel sliding contact interface on friction, wear, and heat transfer performance is analyzed. The results show that the speed has a significant impact on the friction coefficient between the elevator steel belt and the traction wheel. Among them, influenced by schallamach waves, the average friction coefficient reaches its maximum value of about 0.51 at a speed of 0.5 m/s. The average friction coefficient of the elevator steel belt under different loads remains stable at around 0.4; The maximum friction temperature rise of the contact pair shows an overall upward trend, with a temperature rise of 80 ℃ at a speed of 1.25 m/s and a temperature rise exceeding 100 ℃ at a load of 500 N. The contact state between elevator steel belt and traction wheel mainly includes four stages: adhesion of viscoelastic coating layer, relative sliding between steel belt surface coating layer and traction wheel, third body rolling effect, and relative sliding between steel wire rope and traction wheel inside the steel belt. The wear mechanism of elevator traction steel belt gradually shifts from adhesive wear to three body abrasive wear, and finally to surface fatigue wear.

Key words: elevator steel belt, viscoelastic, friction, wear

中图分类号:

TH117

彭玉兴, 张修恒, 常向东, 周洲, 蒋谷硕, 卢昊, 唐玮. 电梯钢带-曳引轮黏弹性动态滑移摩擦学特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(19): 157-169.

PENG Yuxing, ZHANG Xiuheng, CHANG Xiangdong, ZHOU Zhou, JIANG Gushuo, LU Hao, TANG Wei. Study on the Viscoelastic Dynamic Sliding Friction Characteristics of Elevator Steel Belt Traction Wheel[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(19): 157-169.

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