摩擦起电机理、调控与应用研究的现状及展望

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.19.112

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 摩擦起电现象是一个常见却又神秘的物理效应，具有普遍性、高敏感性，能够产生高电场和强静电力等特点，其应用前景广阔。阐述了摩擦起电的研究体系特点，详细介绍了金属-金属、绝缘体摩擦界面电子和离子转移模型，描述了半导体摩擦界面的摩擦伏特效应，总结了一系列摩擦界面电荷转移量调控手段，并论述了包括摩擦纳米发电机、摩擦电智能传感技术在内的几种摩擦起电应用的原理。最后指出了摩擦起电未来研究将以电荷调控方法为核心、以表界面设计为基础，并呈现出机理研究量子化、调控方法多维化/极端化、器件设计多功能一体化等研究趋势。

关键词: 摩擦起电, 载流子, 电荷转移, 表界面改性, 摩擦纳米发电机

Abstract: Contact electrification (CE) is a common yet enigmatic physical phenomenon, characterized by its universality, high sensitivity, and ability to generate strong electric fields and electrostatic forces. The features of the CE research system are delineated, including the electron and ion transfer model at metal-metal and insulator friction interfaces, as well as the tribovoltaic effect at semiconductor interfaces. Various methods for controlling charge transfer at triboelectric interfaces are summarized. Furthermore, several applications of CE such as triboelectric nanogenerators and intelligent sensing technology are discussed. Lastly, it is emphasized that future research on CE will focus on charge control methods as the core and surface/interface design as the foundation, highlighting trends in mechanistic quantification research, multidimensional/extreme regulation methods, and multifunctional device integration.

Key words: contact electrification, charge carrier, charge transfer, surface/interface modification, triboelectric nanogenerator

中图分类号:

TG156

林世权, 张弛, 刘检华. 摩擦起电机理、调控与应用研究的现状及展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(19): 112-125.

LIN Shiquan, ZHANG Chi, LIU Jianhua. A Review on the Study of Contact Electrification: Mechanism, Control and Application[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(19): 112-125.

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