低速大扭矩阀配流内曲线高水基液压马达设计理论与试验研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.04.365

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对低速大扭矩水液压马达的应用中存在的容积效率低、磨损泄漏严重、寿命低等问题，提出一种具有配流阀和柱塞同步旋转的内曲线马达新型配液原理，并据此设计内曲线高水基液压马达，为分析马达柱塞的合理的运动学特性，研究设计内曲线轨道和配流凸轮的轮廓参数。分析柱塞-滚子副的水润滑特性，确定该摩擦副为边界润滑状态，并基于此设计一种带聚醚醚酮(Peek)涂层的柱塞-滚子副，有效地降低接触应力，并通过试验验证其工作性能，证明具有Peek涂层的柱塞-滚子副能够满足水介质传动的要求。研究设计满足高水基介质需求的配流阀，试验测试该阀在不同压力、开启频率下的工作特性，为高水基马达设计可靠配流确定关键技术参数。在AMESim软件中建立阀配流高水基马达整机仿真模型，并分析马达的瞬时输出特性。研制阀配流高水基液压马达样机并搭建测试试验系统，试验结果表明：马达的配流阀能在压力21 MPa、转速15 r/min的工况下稳定配流，样机最大工作压力21 MPa、最大输出扭矩3 264 N·m、转速范围1～10 r/min，最大容积效率达99.6%。

关键词: 水液压, 低速大扭矩, 液压马达, 阀配流, 摩擦副

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of low volumetric efficiency, serious wear and leakage, and low service life in low-speed, high torque water hydraulic motor, a new type of cam lobe high water-based hydraulic motor with flow distribution valve is proposed, which the flow distribution valve and piston rotate synchronously. To analyze reasonable kinematics characteristics of motor piston, the profile parameters of inner curve cam and flow distribution cam are studied and designed. The water lubrication characteristics of the piston-roller pair are analyzed, and the lubrication state of piston-roller pair is boundary lubrication. A piston-roller pair with Peek (poly ether-ether-ketone) coatings is designed to reduce the contact stress, and its performance is verified by experiments. A flow distribution valve that meets the requirements of high water-based media is studied and designed. The working characteristics of the flow distribution valve under different pressures and opening frequencies are tested, and key technical parameters are determined for the reliable flow distribution design in high water-based motor. Meanwhile, a simulation model of the valve flow distribution high water-based motor is established in AMESim software, and the instantaneous output characteristics of motor are analyzed. Finally, the prototype of high water-based hydraulic motor with flow distribution valve is developed and the test system of prototype is built. The experimental results indicate that the flow distribution valve can work stably under pressure of 21 MPa and rotating speed of 15 r/min. The maximum working pressure, output torque and rotating speed range of prototype are 21 MPa, 3 264 N·m and 1-10 r/min respectively. The maximum volumetric efficiency reaches 99.6%.

Key words: water hydraulic, low speed and high torque, hydraulic motor, flow distribution valve, friction pair

中图分类号:

TH137

赵继云, 满家祥, 于鸣泉, 韩静, 王云飞, 曹超. 低速大扭矩阀配流内曲线高水基液压马达设计理论与试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(4): 365-379.

ZHAO Jiyun, MAN Jiaxiang, YU Mingquan, HAN Jing, WANG Yunfei, CAO Chao. Design and Experimental Study of High Water-based Cam Lobe Hydraulic Motor with Low Speed, High Torque and Flow Distribution Valve[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(4): 365-379.

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