基于摩擦发电原理的智能往复密封

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.19.146

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 及时获取并诊断出机械密封的异常运行状态，对确保以往复机械为核心的高端设备运行的可靠性至关重要。为克服密封性能监测中面临的结构紧凑、环境高压等挑战，摩擦纳米发电机凭借自供电感知功能为原位、长时间地监控提供了一种解决方案。基于此，一种耐磨涂层辅助的摩擦电智能往复密封系统(AC-TRS)被提出并用于原位感知，该系统以聚合物密封环与转轴上沉积的耐磨涂层组成摩擦副，构建滑动自由层式摩擦发电机。随轴往复运动的耐磨涂层与密封环产生周期性的接触-分离状态，并在密封环内金属骨架上产生感应交流电。AC-TRS实现与机械密封结构的超紧凑融合，仅需在运动部件表面沉积耐磨涂层。研究了不同材料参数对系统输出信号的影响，发现类金刚石涂层与碳纤维改性聚四氟乙烯密封环的组合可显著提升AC-TRS的自供电与自感知能力。通过实验验证了AC-TRS在约470 000次往复循环情况下的输出稳定性以及结构的可靠性。此外，探明了摩擦电输出信号的幅值、频率与往复速度之间的线性关系，并将其作为指标实现了定速与变速等复杂工况下对往复运动进行高精度感知。研究成果将为往复机械的密封智能化设计提供技术参考。

关键词: 往复智能密封, 摩擦发电, 自供电, 自传感, 运动状态感知

Abstract: The real-time detection and diagnosis of abnormal operating conditions in mechanical seals are essential for ensuring the reliability of high-end equipment centered around reciprocating machinery. To address the challenges posed by compact structures and high-pressure environments in seal performance monitoring, triboelectric nanogenerators, leveraging their self-powered and self-sensing capabilities, provide an effective solution for in-situ and long-term monitoring. Thus, an AC-TRS (abrasion-resistant coating assisted triboelectric reciprocating sealing system) has been developed and utilized for in-situ sensing. A triboelectric pair consisting of a polymer sealing ring and a wear-resistant coating deposited on the rotating shaft is established, forming a sliding free-layer type triboelectric nanogenerator. The coating moves reciprocally with the shaft, alternating contact and separation with the seal ring. The movement induces AC electricity within the inner metal framework of the seal ring. The design of the AC-TRS system is integrated into the mechanical sealing structure, requiring only the application of wear-resistant coating on the moving shaft, thereby demonstrating its ultra-compact design. The impact of different materials on AC-TRS output signals is investigated, and results represent the combination of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating and carbon fiber-modified PTFE (PTFE+CF) sealing ring can significantly enhance the self-powered and self-sensing ability of AC-TRS. The output stability and structural reliability of AC-TRS under 470 000 reciprocating cycles are experimentally confirmed. Additionally, the linear relationships between output amplitude and reciprocating speed, as well as between signal frequency and reciprocating speed, are clarified. These relationships are employed as indices to achieve high-precision self-sensing of reciprocating motion under both constant and variable speed complex working conditions. The results offer reference for the development of intelligent reciprocating mechanical sealings.

Key words: reciprocating intelligent sealing, triboelectric, self-powered, self-sensing, motion state sensing

中图分类号:

TH117

张显涛, 王松, 姚志宏, 宫礼坤, 郭飞, 张弛, 韩勤锴, 王玉明. 基于摩擦发电原理的智能往复密封[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(19): 146-156.

ZHANG Xiantao, WANG Song, YAO Zhihong, GONG Likun, GUO Fei, ZHANG Chi, HAN Qinkai, WANG Yuming. Intelligent Reciprocator Sealing Based on Triboelectric Power Generation Principle[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(19): 146-156.

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