切削CFRP中金刚石刀具的纳观磨损机理及磨损抑制研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.07.181

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在大尺寸高性能碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(Carbon fiber reinforced polymer, CFRP)制件的连续加工中，金刚石类刀具耐磨性不足问题依然突出。纳观层面多类型碳结构间以及微观层面刀刃与纤维间相互作用下的多尺度磨损机理极其复杂，致使针对此类刀具的磨损抑制方法成为先进复材加工领域的难题。因此，首先从纳观层面出发，通过首次建立可实现纳观尺度下金刚石划擦碳纤维过程仿真的分子动力学模型，设计实施了金刚石涂层刀具切削CFRP管的基础试验，探究了切削CFRP中金刚石纳观层面的破坏行为、磨损过程及磨损抑制方法。结果表明：金刚石的纳观磨损主要由碳纤维的机械互锁与界面键共同作用所致，初期磨损以前刀面处的结构畸变、界面键成键等，以及sp3碳结构向sp2碳结构转化为主。快速磨损以前后刀面处的小范围原子团簇剥离(表层碳结构的穿晶破坏)，以及沿<111>晶面开裂所致后刀面处的更大范围原子团簇剥离(近表层碳结构的沿晶破坏)为主。氮氢环境中氢离子易在金刚石表面形成碳-氢键，阻隔金刚石与碳纤维间碳-碳键的形成，以此碳-碳界面键所致的结构转化、破坏程度降低。结合拉曼光谱测定，证实了氮氢环境可从源头上降低金刚石涂层刀具磨损。上述研究可为切削CFRP用金刚石类刀具的磨损抑制提供理论依据与思路借鉴。

关键词: 切削CFRP, 金刚石刀具, 磨损机理, 纳观尺度, 抑制

Abstract: In the continuous processing of large-size high-performance carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) components, the problem of insufficient wear resistance of diamond tools is still prominent. The multi-scale wear mechanism is extremely complex including the interaction among the multiple nano-scale carbon structures and the interaction between the cutting edge and fiber at micro-scale, which makes the wear suppression method for such tools become a difficult problem in the field of advanced composite machining. Therefore, starting from the nano-scale, a molecular dynamics model which can simulate the sliding process on the carbon fiber by diamond at the nano-scale is established for the first time. The basic experiment of cutting CFRP tube by the diamond coated tool is designed and carried out. The failure behavior, wear process and wear suppression method of the diamond at the nano-scale in cutting CFRP are studied. The results show that the micro-scale wear of diamond is mainly caused by the mechanical interlocking of carbon fibers and the interaction bonds, and the structural distortion at the flank face before the initial wear stage, the bonds formation of the interfacial bonds, and the transformation of the sp3 carbon structure to the sp2 carbon structure. Rapid wear stage is dominated by the peeling of small atomic clusters at the flank face (the transgranular fracture of the surface carbon structure) and the peeling of a larger range of atomic clusters at the flank face caused by fracture along the <111> crystal plane (intergranular destruction of near surface carbon structure). In the nitrogen and hydrogen environment, hydrogen ions tend to form carbon-hydrogen bonds on the surface of diamonds, which blocks the formation of carbon-carbon bonds between diamonds and carbon fibers, and the structural transformation and destruction degree caused by carbon-carbon interface bonds are reduced. Combined with Raman spectroscopy, it is confirmed that the nitrogen-hydrogen environment can reduce the wear of diamond-coated tools at the source. The above research can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the wear suppression of diamond tools for cutting CFRP.

Key words: cutting of CFRP, diamond tools, wear mechanism, nanoscale, suppression

中图分类号:

TG711

宿友亮, 文天皓, 孟志坚, 刘军强, 张波. 切削CFRP中金刚石刀具的纳观磨损机理及磨损抑制研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(7): 181-197.

SU Youliang, WEN Tianhao, MENG Zhijian, LIU Junqiang, ZHANG Bo. Wear Mechanism and Wear Suppression at the Nanoscale of Diamond Tools in Cutting CFRP[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(7): 181-197.

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