考虑温湿变的地铁曲线啸叫噪声形成机理分析

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.06.217

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 地铁车辆在小半径曲线极易产生曲线啸叫噪声，轮轨间的下降摩擦机制被认为是产生曲线啸叫噪声的可能原因之一，然而，长期服役条件下不同温湿度的轮轨间蠕滑条件不同，轮轨接触状态受环境因素影响明显，环境对曲线啸叫噪声影响的机理有待进一步探索。为了探究环境因素对曲线啸叫产生的影响，建立考虑温湿变的地铁曲线啸叫噪声理论模型。基于对列车通过曲线行为的分析，利用实测噪声数据找出可能引发车轮曲线啸叫噪声产生的主导模态，指出产生曲线啸叫的车轮轴向振动模态与啸叫噪声关系。通过对上海全年温湿度变化的调研，分析温湿度变化对车轮横向振动和曲线啸叫噪声的影响，探讨曲线啸叫噪声的产生原因。研究结果表明，轮轨之间的下降摩擦条件是车轮横向自激振动产生的必要条件；当车轮横向振动速度接近蠕滑速度时，并且出现周期性横向力突变，系统周期性输入功率的不对称造成系统能量发生耗散，车轮的轴向模态被激发是产生曲线啸声的可能原因；相比于高温潮湿的夏天，低温干燥的冬季更容易发生曲线啸叫噪声，且产生的啸叫噪声更加尖锐，为了避免啸叫噪声引发的环境污染，建议在冬季更加注重轮轨之间的养护。研究工作对认识轨道车辆啸叫成因和进一步抑制啸叫噪声具有一定的参考价值。

关键词: 曲线啸叫, 轮轨噪声, 温湿度, 下降摩擦, 摩擦振动

Abstract: Metro vehicles are prone to curve squeal noise in small radius curves. The decreasing friction mechanism between wheel and rail is considered to be one of the possible reasons for curve squeal noise. However, under long-term service conditions, the creep conditions between wheel and rail with different temperatures and humidity are different, and the wheel-rail contact state is significantly affected by environmental factors. The mechanism of the influence of the environment on curve squeal noise needs to be further explored. To explore the influence of the environment on the curve whistle, a theoretical model of subway curve whistle noise considering temperature and humidity changes is established. Based on the analysis of the curve passing behavior of the train, the dominant mode that may cause the curve squealing noise of the wheel is found by using the measured noise data, and the relationship between the axial vibration mode of the wheel that produces the curve squealing and the squealing noise is pointed out. Through the investigation of the annual temperature and humidity changes in Shanghai, the influence of temperature and humidity changes on the lateral vibration of wheels and the curve squeal noise is analyzed, and the causes of the curve squeal noise are discussed. The results show that the descending friction condition between wheel and rail is necessary for transverse self-excited vibration of the wheel. When the lateral vibration velocity of the wheel is close to the creep velocity, the periodic lateral force mutation occurs. The asymmetry of the system's periodic input power causes the system's energy dissipation. The excitation of the axial mode of the wheel is the possible reason for the curve whistling. Compared with high temperature and humidity in summer, low temperature and dry winter are more prone to curve squeal noise, and the squealing noise is sharper. To avoid environmental pollution caused by squealing noise, it is recommended to pay more attention to the maintenance of wheel-rail in winter. The work of this study has a certain reference value for understanding the causes of rail vehicle whining and further suppressing the whining noise.

Key words: curve squeal, wheel-rail noise, temperature and humidity, falling-friction, friction-induced vibration

中图分类号:

U270
O322

文永蓬, 董昊亮, 徐祖翰, 周月, 吴俊汉. 考虑温湿变的地铁曲线啸叫噪声形成机理分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(6): 217-227.

WEN Yongpeng, DONG Haoliang, XU Zuhan, ZHOU Yue, WU Junhan. Analysis of the Formation Mechanism of Subway Curve Squeal Noise Considering Temperature and Humidity Change[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(6): 217-227.

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