激光定向能量沉积18Mn钢宽范围强韧性调控

doi:10.3901/JME.260707

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了促进激光定向能量沉积(Laser directed energy deposition, LDED)增材制造技术在低合金高强钢上的推广应用，需要明确增材工艺参数和后续热处理对成形样组织性能的影响。采用不同激光功率输入的激光定向能量沉积技术制备低合金高强钢18Mn成形样件，并结合高温正火热处理，系统地研究了18Mn钢的微观组织演变规律与力学性能调控方法。结果表明，18Mn增材成形组织随着激光功率的增大，从板条状贝氏体向珠光体铁素体组织转变，高强度低塑性的力学性能转变为低强度高塑性。经过高温正火热处理后，样件整体组织均匀统一，塑性提高，并且不同激光功率组样件的组织性能相似。通过采用不同的加工参数和热处理工艺，可以实现18Mn增材成形件性能在屈服强度355～800 MPa，延伸率10%～27%的宽范围调控。为LDED技术在低合金高强钢增材制造及再制造修复领域的应用提供了重要的理论依据和实验数据支持。

关键词: 激光定向能量沉积, 低合金高强钢, 热处理, 微观组织, 强塑性

Abstract: To promote the application of laser directed energy deposition (LDED), as one of additive manufacturing technology, for low-alloy high-strength steels, it is crucial to clarify the impact of additive process parameters and subsequent heat treatment strategies on the microstructure and properties of the formed specimens. Low-alloy high-strength steel 18Mn was fabricated using LDED technology with different laser power inputs, followed by high-temperature normalizing heat treatment. The microstructural evolution and the mechanical property regulation methods of 18Mn steel are systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that with an increase in laser power, the microstructure of the 18Mn additive-formed specimens transitions from lath bainite to pearlitic-ferritic , with the corresponding mechanical properties shifting from high strength and low ductility to low strength and high ductility. After high-temperature normalizing heat treatment, the overall microstructure of the specimens becomes uniform and homogeneous, with improved ductility, and the microstructure and properties of specimens fabricated with different laser power inputs are similar. By varying the processing parameters and heat treatment conditions, the mechanical properties of 18Mn additive-formed parts can be controlled in a wide range, with yield strengths ranging from 355 MPa to 800 MPa and elongation from 10% to 27%. These findings provide important theoretical foundations and experimental data for the application of LDED technology in the additive manufacturing and remanufacturing repair of low-alloy high-strength steels.

Key words: lase directed energy deposition, low-alloy high-strength steel, heat treatment, microstructure, strength & ductility

中图分类号:

TG142

张智妍, 易飞, 周游, 张宏凯, 方学伟, 刘怡, 黄科. 激光定向能量沉积18Mn钢宽范围强韧性调控[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(13): 444-456.

ZHANG Zhiyan, YI Fei, ZHOU You, ZHANG Hongkai, FANG Xuewei, LIU Yi, HUANG Ke. Tailoring of Wide Range Strength and Ductility of Laser Directed Energy Deposited 18Mn Steel[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(13): 444-456.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260707

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I13/444

参考文献

[1] MOSTAFAEI A，GHIAASIAAN R，HO I T，et al. Additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloys：A state-of-the-art review on process-structure-defect- property relationship[J]. Progress in Materials Science，2023，136：101108.
[2] SARKAR R，CHEN B，FITZPATRICK M E，et al. Additive manufacturing-based repair of IN718 superalloy and high-cycle fatigue assessment of the joint[J]. Additive Manufacturing，2022，60：103276.
[3] HOSSEINI E，POPOVICH V A. A review of mechanical properties of additively manufactured Inconel 718[J]. Additive Manufacturing，2019，30：100877.
[4] SVETLIZKY D，DAS M，ZHENG B L，et al. Directed energy deposition(DED) additive manufacturing：Physical characteristics，defects，challenges and applications[J]. Materials Today，2021，49：271-295.
[5] SABOORI A，AVERSA A，MARCHESE G，et al. Application of directed energy deposition-based additive manufacturing in repair[J]. Materials Science and Engineering：A，2019，9(16)，3316，688：480-48.
[6] 刘伟，李能，周标，等. 复杂结构与高性能材料增材制造技术进展[J]. 机械工程学报，2019，55(20)：128-151，159. LIU Wei，LI Neng，ZHOU Biao，et al. Progress in additive manufacturing on complex structures and high-performance materials[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2019，55(20)：128-151，159.
[7] 史亚盟，李景彬，张杰，等. 工艺参数对65Mn基熔覆Ni60a/SiC涂层的微观组织与耐磨性能影响[J]. 机械工程学报，2022，58(16)：197-205. SHI Yameng，LI Jingbin8，ZHANG Jie，et al. Effect of process parameters on microstructure and wear resistance of 65Mn-based cladding Ni60a/SiC coating[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2022，58(16)：197-205.
[8] 徐伟伟，高川云，张道洋，等. 不同热处理对激光定向能量沉积技术+锻造复合制造TC4钛合金组织与力学性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2023，59(15)：304-310. XU Weiwei，GAO Chuanyun，ZHANG Daoyang，et al. Study of different heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy manufactured by hybrid manufacturing technology[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2023，59(15)：304-310.
[9] 吴润宝，徐刚，罗开玉，等. 热处理对激光增材In718/316L功能梯度材料组织和性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报，2022，58(19)：293-305. WU Runbao，XU Gang，LUO Kaiyu，et al. Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of laser additive manufactured In718/316L functionally gradient material[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2022，58(19)：293-305.
[10] ZHANG S，HOU P，KANG J，et al. Laser additive manufacturing for infrastructure repair：A case study of a deteriorated steel bridge beam[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Technology，2023，154：149-158.
[11] 吴圣川，胡雅楠，杨冰，等. 增材制造材料缺陷表征及结构完整性评定方法研究综述[J]. 机械工程学报，2021，57(22)：3-34. WU Shengchuan，HU Yanan，YANG Bing，et al. Review on defect characterization and structural integrity assessment method of additively manufactured materials[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021，57(22)：3-34.
[12] 戴浩，魏艳红，刘湘波，等. Q345钢多层多道焊工艺参数对接头组织及性能的影响研究[J]. 焊接技术，2023，52(12)：39-41，145-146. DAI Hao，WEI Yanhong，LIU Xiangbo，et al. Research on the influence of process parameters of Q345 steel multi-layer and multi-pass welding on welded joints microstructure and properties [J]. Welding Technology，2023，52(12)：39-41，145-146.
[13] SHI Gang，WANG Shihao，RONG Chengxiao. Experimental investigation into mechanical properties of Q345 steel after fire[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research，2022，199：107582.
[14] 钱绍祥. Q345D钢表面Fe-Cr-Mo激光熔覆层的组织及摩擦磨损性能[J]. 金属热处理，2019，44(10)：182-186. QIAN Shaoxiang. Microstructure and tribological properties of Fe-Cr-Mo laser cladding layer on surface of Q345D steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals，2019，44(10)：182-186.
[15] MAZIASZ P J，PAYZANT E A，SCHLIENGE M E R，et al. Residual stresses and microstructure of H13 steel formed by combining two different direct fabrication methods[J]. Scripta Materialia，1998，39(10)：1471-1476.
[16] OH W J，LEE J W，KIM M S，et al. Repairing additive-manufactured 316L stainless steel using direct energy[J]. Optics and Laser Technology，2019，117：6–17
[17] GOODARZI D M，PEKKARINEN J，SALMINEN A. Analysis of laser cladding process parameter influence on the clad bead geometry[J]. Weld World，2017，61：883-891.
[18] 浮艺旋，庞铭. 激光功率对机场供油管网材料激光增材层组织和性能的影响[J]. 材料热处理学报，2021，42(2)：121-129. FU Yixuan，PANG Ming. Effect of laser power on microstructure and properties of laser additive layer on surface of airport oil supply pipelines[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment，2021，42(2)：121-129．
[19] 王志会，王华明，刘栋. 激光增材制造AF1410超高强度钢组织与力学性能研究[J]. 中国激光，2016，43(4)：59-65. WANG Zhihui，WANG Huaming，LIU Dong，et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of AF1410 ultra-high strength steel using laser additive manufacture technique[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers，2016，43(4)：59-65.
[20] 谭超林，周克崧，马文有等. 激光增材制造成型马氏体时效钢研究进展[J]. 金属学报，2020，56(1)：36-52. TAN Chaolin，ZHOU Kesong，MA Wenyou，et al. Research progress of laser additive manufacturing forming maraging steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica，2020，56(1)：36-52.
[21] ZHOU Y，FANG X，XI N，et al. Enhanced strength and ductility of laser-directed energy deposition repaired IN718 superalloy via a novel tailored heat treatment[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Technology，2024，199：86-101.
[22] ALEXANDER W，SAEED A C，OLIVER H，et al. Functional polyetheretherketone coatings fabricated by laser-based directed energy deposition Oliver Hentschel[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology，2025，496：131629.
[23] 刘京，李铸国，姚成武. P20模具钢的双层回火激光熔覆修复技术[J]. 中国表面工程，2013，26(1)：6-12. LIU Jing，LI Zhuguo，YAO Chengwu. Daul-layer temper technique for laser cladding repair of P20 mold steel[J]. China Surface Engineering，2013，26(1)：6-12.
[24] 王迪，黄锦辉，谭超林，等. 激光增材制造过程中循环热输入对组织和性能的影响[J]. 金属学报，2022，58(10)：1221-1235. WANG Di，HUANG Jjinhui，TAN Chaoli，et al. Effect of circulating heat input on microstructure and properties in laser additive manufacturing process[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica，2022，58(10)：1221-1235.
[25] KANGA J S，SEOL J B，PARK C G. Three-dimensional characterization of bainitic microstructures in low-carbon high-strength low-alloy steel studied by electron backscatter diffraction[J]. Materials Characterization，2013，79：110.
[26] 朱雯婷，崔君军，陈振业，等. 690MPa级高强韧低碳微合金建筑结构钢设计及性能[J]. 金属学报，2021，57(3)：340-351. ZHU Wenting，CUI Junjun，CHEN Zhenye，et al. Designand performance of 690MPa grade low-carbon microalloyed construction structural steel with high strength and toughness[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica，2021，57(3)：340-351.
[27] CABALLERO F G. Phase transformations in steels[M]. Sawston：Woodhead Publishing，2012.
[28] 黄添，舒林森，陈向东，等. 激光重熔功率对镍基高温合金熔覆层组织性能的影响[J]. 材料热处理学报，2024，45(11)：198-206. HUANG Tian，SHU Linsen，CHEN Xiangdong，et al. Effect of laser remelting power on microstructure and properties of Ni-based superalloy cladding coating[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment，2024，45(11)：198-206.
[29] CORDERO Z C，KNIGHT B E，SCHUH C A. Six decades of the Hall-Petch effect-a survey of grain-size strengthening studies on pure metals[J]. International Materials Reviews，2016，61：495-512.
[30] VAN BEERS P R M，MCSHANE G J，KOUZNETSOVA V G. Grain boundary interface mechanics in strain gradient crystal plasticity[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids，2013，61：2659-2679.
[31] 贾单锋，廖小伟，崔佳. Q345qD桥梁钢高周疲劳性能及γ-P-S-N曲线试验研究[J]. 天津大学学报，2016，49(S1)：122-128. JIA Danfeng，LIAO Xiaowei，CUI Jia. Experimental study on high cycle fatigue behavior and γ-P-S-N curves of bridge steel Q345qD[J]. Journal of Tianjin University，2016，49(S1)：122-128．
[32] 葛业豹，缑瑞宾，张春雨，等. 二道次高温后Q345B钢的高周疲劳及γ-P-S-N曲线研究[J ]. 材料科学与工艺，2025，33(2)：57-66. GE Yebao，GOU Ruibin，ZHANG Chunyu，，et al. Study on high cycle fatigue and γ-P-S-N curve of Q345B steel after secondary elevated temperatures[J]. Materials Science and Technology，2025，33(2)：57-66.
[33] ZHANG C T，WANG R H，ZHU L，et al. Experimental investigation into the post-fire mechanical properties of hot-rolled and cold-formed steels[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research，2016，121：291-310.
[34] AZIZ E M，KODUR V K. Effect of temperature and cooling regime on mechanical properties of high-strength low-alloy steel[J]. Fire and Materials，2016，40：926-939.
[35] ZHANG C，JIA B，WANG J. Influence of artificial cooling methods on post-fire mechanical properties of Q355 structural steel[J]. Construction and Building Materials，2020，252：119092.
[36] 张宗星，田宸睿，姜健，等. 服役10年Q355耐候钢高温下力学性能试验研究[J]. 建筑结构学报，2024，45(12)：170-180. ZHANG Zongxing，TIAN Chenrui，JIANG Jian，et al. Experimental study on mechanical properties of corroded Q355 weathering steel at high temperature[J]. Journal of Building Structures，2024，45(12)：170-180.
[37] LEE SI，LEE J，HWANG B. Microstructure-based prediction of yield ratio and uniform elongation in high-strength bainitic steels using multiple linear regression analysis[J]. Materials Science and Technology，2019，A758：56.
[38] SHIN S H，LEE S I，HWANG B. In-situ SEM/EBSD investigation of tensile deformation-driven micro structural changes in low-carbon HSLA steels with ferrite- bainite microstructures[J]. Materials Characterization，2023，206(A)：113418.