压铸铝合金微观组织对铆接成型及性能的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.260566

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 压铸铝合金作为下板时易在自冲铆接纽扣位置处形成径向开裂，宏观层面上将开裂归因于压铸铝合金的低伸长率，还需要考虑压铸铝合金微观组织对铆接变形行为的影响。对不同工艺下的三款Al-Si压铸合金进行了相同参数的铆接试验，比较了样品的铆接外观、剖面尺寸以及铆接静态性能，通过铆接前后的微观组织变化，研究合金微观组织-合金性能-铆接性能之间的联系。铆接外观开裂主要发生在压铸合金材料的表层，材料表层的共晶Si偏析会增大样品铆接开裂风险。合金成分与压铸工艺影响合金的微观组织，宏观表现为压铸合金的母材性能，在铆接成型过程中影响铆接剖面尺寸。低母材强度下，铆钉下压过程中受到的阻力更小，铆接形成的互锁值与有效深度更高。样品的铆接剪切拉伸性能同时受合金材料强度与铆钉互锁值的影响，低母材强度高互锁值的铆接剪切样品可以得到与高母材强度铆接剪切样品同一水平的铆接剪切强度。从合金微观组织层面分析了铆接开裂的成因，从合金成分及铸造工艺设计的角度为改善铆接成型及铆接性能提供新的思路。

关键词: 压铸铝合金, 自冲铆接, 开裂, 微观组织, 力学性能

Abstract: Radial cracks can be formed at rivet joint during Self-Piercing Riveting(SPR) when HPDC aluminum chosen as bottom layer. Regard to the low elongation of HPDC aluminum caused cracks, the effect of microstructure of cast alloy need to take consideration during SPR rivet forming process. Three types of HPDC Al-Si alloy with different cast parameters are prepared and riveted with same riveting parameters. The riveting appearance, section geometry and static mechanical properties were compared. By the change of microstructure before and after riveting, the relationship between microstructure, mechanical properties and riveting properties are investigated. Radial cracks of riveting occur on the surface of HPDC alloy, and the eutectic Si segregation in the surface layer will increase the risk of crack during HPDC riveting. The mechanical properties of HPDC Al-Si alloy are controled by microstructure, which effected by chemical composition and casting parameters during fabrication. The section size of rivet joint is affected by mechanical properties of alloy during rivet forming. During rivet piercing, alloy with low mechanical properties provide less resistance to rivet. Therefore, rivet can form higher interlock value and effevtive thickness with low mechanical property alloy chosen as bottom layer during riveting. The static shear property of rivet joint is affected by mechanical properties of alloy and section geometry, low mechanical property material with high rivet section geometry can reach to same static shear strength as material with high mechanical properties. This study investigates the causes of riveting cracks at the microstructural level of alloys, and proposes novel approaches to enhance riveting formability and performance through optimized alloy composition design and casting process modifications.

Key words: HPDC aluminum, self-piercing riveting, cracks, microstructure, mechanical propertie

中图分类号:

TG938
TG146

王帅, 宋佳, 祝伟, 李峻, 秦简, 张海. 压铸铝合金微观组织对铆接成型及性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(12): 273-284.

WANG Shuai, SONG Jia, ZHU Wei, LI Jun, QIN Jian, ZHANG Hai. Influence of HPDC Aluminum Microstructure on Forming and Mechanical Properties of Self-piercing Riveting[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(12): 273-284.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260566

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I12/273

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