• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (10): 137-145.doi: 10.3901/JME.260497

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇    

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湿-热耦合条件下PBGA器件湿气扩散行为仿真研究

张沄瑄1, 王尚1,2, 撒子成1, 文嘉玥2, 徐士猛3, 林鹏荣3, 陈临枫3, 田艳红1,2   

  1. 1. 哈尔滨工业大学材料结构精密焊接与连接全国重点实验室 哈尔滨 150001;
    2. 哈工大郑州研究院 郑州 450000;
    3. 北京微电子技术研究所 北京 100076
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-17 修回日期:2025-12-07 发布日期:2026-07-29
  • 作者简介:张沄瑄,男,2000年出生。主要研究方向为电子封装器件可靠性。E-mail:hello_zyx00@163.com;王尚(通信作者),男,1992年出生,博士,副教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为电子封装技术与可靠性,柔性电子技术及应用。E-mail:wangshang@hit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金叶企孙重点资助项目(U2241223)。

Simulation Study on Moisture Diffusion Behavior of PBGA Devices under Hygrothermal Coupling Conditions

ZHANG Yunxuan1, WANG Shang1,2, SA Zicheng1, WEN Jiayue2, XU Shimeng3, LIN Pengrong3, CHEN Linfeng3, TIAN Yanhong1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001;
    2. Harbin Institute of Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450000;
    3. Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute, Beijing 100076
  • Received:2025-05-17 Revised:2025-12-07 Published:2026-07-29

摘要: 电子器件中塑料封装等非气密性结构对环境中的湿气较为敏感,由于湿气吸附与扩散行为带来的材料性能变化和应力问题是影响其可靠性的重要因素之一。文中以塑料球栅阵列封装(Plastic ball grid array,PBGA)为研究对象,对湿气在封装材料内部的动态扩散过程进行了研究,通过湿热老化实验和分子动力学模拟,计算并拟合了不同湿热条件下样品的湿气扩散参数,以校正湿气扩散系数随材料内部湿气浓度变化的动态特性,最终应用于湿-热耦合计算中,提升了预测结果的准确性。结果表明,样品的吸湿行为除菲克扩散外,还包括非菲克扩散;湿气扩散系数随着材料内部湿气平均浓度的增加而近线性下降。优化后的湿-热耦合方程相比传统恒定扩散系数模型,能够更精确地预测湿气在材料内部的扩散过程。研究提出的拟合模型和仿真方法为塑封器件在潮湿环境中的行为预测提供了新的方法,在电子器件贮存、互连和长期工作可靠性评估方面具有一定的应用价值。

关键词: 湿气扩散, 湿热耦合, 复合材料, 分子动力学, 电子封装

Abstract: Non-hermetic structures like plastic encapsulation in electronic devices are sensitive to environmental moisture. Moisture-induced property changes and stresses critically impact reliability. This study combined hygrothermal aging tests with molecular dynamics simulations to investigate dynamic moisture diffusion within plastic ball grid array(PBGA) packaging. Moisture diffusion parameters under varying conditions were fitted to calibrate the concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient. Implementing this dynamic model in hygro-thermal coupling simulations significantly improved prediction accuracy. Results reveal both Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion modes, with the diffusion coefficient decreasing nearly linearly as average moisture concentration increases. The optimized coupling equations outperform conventional constant-coefficient models in predicting internal moisture distribution. The proposed fitting model and simulation methodology offer a novel approach for predicting the behavior of plastic-encapsulated devices in humid environments, holding practical implications for reliability assessments concerning the storage, interconnection, and long-term operation of electronic devices.

Key words: moisture diffusion, hygrothermal coupling, composites, molecular dynamics, electronic packaging

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