固体润滑薄膜表面自由能调控及其对摩擦学性能影响现状研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260121

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 固体润滑薄膜因其优异的耐磨性能、高承载能力和化学稳定性，已广泛应用于汽车工业、机械制造和航空航天等领域。通过合理调控固体润滑薄膜的表面能特性，可有效改善薄膜与基体材料间的界面润湿性，进而增强界面结合强度，使其在复杂环境下保持稳定的润滑效果，延长薄膜的使用寿命，同时减少磨损现象，确保机械设备的可靠性和耐用性。基于此，从多种理论方法和模拟仿真等方面，系统总结了国内外相关表面自由能计算方法，并梳理了表面能调控方法，包括化学处理、离子注入、元素掺杂等，这些技术通过调整制备或成型工艺参数、改变薄膜表面的粗糙度和化学成分等，有效改善固体薄膜的力学和摩擦学性能。最后，提出固体润滑薄膜在分子层面的表面能梯度演变关键问题，并对多尺度界面行为与摩擦能耗散机制进行展望。

关键词: 固体润滑薄膜, 表面自由能, 摩擦学性能, 分子动力学模拟, 表面处理

Abstract: Solid lubricant films have been extensively utilized in automotive industries, mechanical manufacturing, and aerospace systems due to their exceptional wear resistance, high load-bearing capacity, and chemical stability. The interfacial wettability and bonding strength between films and substrates can be effectively enhanced through rational regulation of surface energy characteristics, thereby ensuring stable lubrication performance under complex environmental conditions. This optimization significantly extends service lifetimes while minimizing wear-induced failures, ultimately improving the reliability and durability of mechanical components. Existing calculation methodologies for surface free energy, including theoretical approaches (e.g., Fowkes and Owens-Wendt models) and simulation techniques (molecular dynamics and density functional theory), have been systematically summarized to elucidate interfacial physicochemical interactions. Surface energy modulation strategies such as chemical treatments, ion implantation, and elemental doping are comprehensively reviewed, demonstrating their effectiveness in optimizing mechanical and tribological properties through precise control of surface roughness, chemical composition, and process parameters during fabrication. Future research is proposed to focus on resolving critical challenges in molecular-level surface energy gradient evolution. Furthermore, the exploration of multiscale interfacial behaviors and friction-induced energy dissipation mechanisms is emphasized, providing foundational insights for advancing intelligent lubrication systems with adaptive surface energy regulation capabilities.

Key words: solid lubricant films, surface free energy, tribological performance modulation, molecular dynamics simulation, surface treatment

中图分类号:

TG17

韩冰源, 赵梦娜, 杜文博, 赵泳林, 杨军, 李函, 朱胜. 固体润滑薄膜表面自由能调控及其对摩擦学性能影响现状研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(4): 233-248.

HAN Bingyuan, ZHAO Mengna, DU Wenbo, ZHAO Yonglin, YANG Jun, LI Han, ZHU Sheng. Current Status of Research on Surface Free Energy Modulation of Solid Lubricating Films and Its Effect on Tribological Properties[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(4): 233-248.

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