SiCf/SiC复合材料激光诱导烧蚀辅助砂带磨削机理与工艺性能评价

doi:10.3901/JME.260029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： SiC_f/SiC复合材料因其低密度、耐高温、高比强度和耐腐蚀等特点，在航空发动机热端部件中具有重要的应用前景，但其非均质及硬脆性导致的难加工问题制约了其高性能服役和广泛应用。基于此，提出了激光诱导烧蚀辅助砂带磨削方法，并探究了加工过程中材料去除行为和损伤机理，系统分析了不同工艺参数对磨削力、磨削温度和表面粗糙度等的影响规律。结果表明，激光诱导烧蚀使SiC_f/SiC复合材料表面氧化生成了极易去除的SiO₂颗粒。对比传统磨削，激光诱导烧蚀辅助砂带磨削减小了大面积纤维脆性断裂，并生成了形状与尺寸大小基本一致且含有大量氧化物的磨屑。此外，激光扫描间距的增加会导致磨削力、磨削温度和表面粗糙度的增加。最后，在激光扫描间距为130 μm，砂带进给速度为100 mm/min，磨削速度达到2 100 r/min的工况下，SiC_f/SiC复合材料主要以微断裂形式去除，且纤维和基体表面形貌呈现出压溃和犁耕状，最终在表面形成大块平整且无明显裂纹的区域，得到的表面质量最佳。

关键词: 陶瓷基复合材料, 激光烧蚀, 砂带磨削, 激光辅助磨削, 脆性断裂损伤

Abstract: SiC_f/SiC composites are promising materials for advanced aeroengine hot end components, due to their low density, high specific strength, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance characteristics. However, their high-performance service and wide application are limited by the machining challenges brought on by the heterogeneity and high-brittle properties. To solve this problem, the laser-induced ablation assisted belt grinding method is proposed, the material removal behavior and damage mechanism are investigated; besides, the effect of machining parameters on the grinding force, grinding temperature, and surface roughness is systematically analyzed. The results indicate that laser beam oxidizes the surface materials of SiC_f/SiC composite to produce SiO₂ particles that can be easily removed during grinding. Compared with traditional grinding, laser-induced ablation assisted belt grinding reduces the macro brittle fracture of SiC fibers, and generates grinding chips with similar shape and size. Furthermore, an increase of laser scanning spacing leads to an increase in the grinding force, grinding temperature and surface roughness. Finally, under the machining conditions of 130 μm laser scanning spacing, 100 mm/min abrasive belt feed rate, and 2 100 r/min grinding speed, SiC_f/SiC composites are mainly removed in the form of micro-fracture, and the surface morphology of the fibers and matrix is crushing and ploughing, ultimately producing a large-area flat and crack free surface, and the surface quality is therefore the best.

Key words: ceramic composite materials, laser ablation, belt grinding, laser-assisted grinding, brittle fracture damage

中图分类号:

TH16

吴婧, 周坤, 江桂云, 黄云. SiC_f/SiC复合材料激光诱导烧蚀辅助砂带磨削机理与工艺性能评价[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(1): 395-407.

WU Jing, ZHOU Kun, JIANG Guiyun, HUANG Yun. Mechanism and Evaluation of Process Performance during Laser-induced Ablation Assisted Belt Grinding of SiC_f/SiC Composites[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(1): 395-407.

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