碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料常用的特种加工技术：综述

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.01.199

机械工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (1): 199-218.doi: 10.3901/JME.2023.01.199

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碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料常用的特种加工技术：综述

张修峰¹, 邵国栋^2,3, 刘传成¹, 史振宇^2,3, 邹斌^2,3, 王继来^2,3, 张成鹏^2,3

1. 山东能源集团有限公司济南 250014;
2. 山东大学机械工程学院济南 250061;
3. 山东大学机械工程国家级实验教学示范中心济南 250061

收稿日期:2021-12-27 修回日期:2022-06-11 出版日期:2023-01-05 发布日期:2023-03-30
通讯作者: 史振宇(通信作者),女,1984年出生,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为复合材料加工。E-mail:shizhenyu@sdu.edu.cn
作者简介:张修峰,男,1970年出生,正高级工程师。主要研究方向为冲击地压防治技术。E-mail:zhangxiufeng@shandong-energy.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51975334，U21A20134）、国家重点研发计划（2022YFB3401902）、山东省自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金（ZR2022YQ48）和山东大学齐鲁青年学者资助项目。

Special Processing Techniques Commonly Used For Silicon Carbide Ceramic-Based Composites: Review

ZHANG Xiufeng¹, SHAO Guodong^2,3, LIU Chuancheng¹, SHI Zhenyu^2,3, ZOU Bin^2,3, WANG Jilai^2,3, ZHANG Chengpeng^2,3

1. Shandong Energy Group Company, Jinan 250014;
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061;
3. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061

Received:2021-12-27 Revised:2022-06-11 Online:2023-01-05 Published:2023-03-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料（SiC-CMC）具有高硬度、高强度、耐高温、耐腐蚀等诸多优点，在航空航天、核工业、刹车系统中表现出巨大的应用潜力。然而，SiC-CMC各向异性、不均质性、硬脆性的特点，使加工变得十分困难。传统加工方法存在加工表面质量难以控制、刀具磨损严重、加工效率极低的问题。为了解决上述问题，特种加工技术被用来尝试加工SiC-CMC。不过，特种加工技术种类众多，涉及的知识面比传统加工技术多、广、杂，选择工程实用价值更高和基础性更强的激光加工、磨粒水射流加工、电火花加工三个方面展开综述。首先介绍了三种特种加工技术存在的问题，然后综述了解决问题的方法，最后比较了三者之间的优劣势并得出结论：特种加工技术具有各自优势，激光加工适合加工微孔、微槽等微织构；磨粒水射流加工具有更高的加工效率，且能加工大型复杂构件；电火花加工设备投资低，擅长加工薄板型构件和深腔凹槽。特种加工技术既不相互排斥，也不能相互代替，而应该相辅相成，发挥各自的优势，以高效率制备高精密的复杂构件。

关键词: 碳化硅, 陶瓷基复合材料, 特种加工技术

Abstract: Silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites (SiC-CMC) have many advantages, such as high hardness, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance etc, showing great application potential in aerospace, nuclear industry, braking system. However, the characteristics of anisotropy, heterogeneity and hard brittleness of SiC-CMC make it very difficult to process. The traditional machining method has some problems such as difficult to control the surface quality, serious tool wear and low machining efficiency. In order to solve the above problems, special processing technology was tried to adopt machining SiC-CMC. However, there are many kinds of special processing technology, which involves more knowledge than traditional processing technology, wide and miscellany. In this paper, laser machining, abrasive water jet machining and electric discharge machining, which are of higher engineering practical value and stronger foundation, are selected to carry out a review. Firstly, the problems of three kinds of special processing technology are introduced and then the methods to solve the problems are summarized. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the three are compared and the conclusions are drawn:special processioning technology has its own advantages, laser machining is suitable for machining micro-pores, micro-grooves and other micro-textures; Abrasive water jet machining has higher processing efficiency and can process large complex components. EDM equipment investment is cheap, good at processing thin-plate components and deep cavity groove. Special processioning techniques are neither exclusive nor substitutes for each other, but should complement each other and give play to their advantages to produce complex components with high efficiency and precision.

Key words: silicon carbide, ceramic matrix composites, non traditional machining

中图分类号:

V261

张修峰, 邵国栋, 刘传成, 史振宇, 邹斌, 王继来, 张成鹏. 碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料常用的特种加工技术：综述[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(1): 199-218.

ZHANG Xiufeng, SHAO Guodong, LIU Chuancheng, SHI Zhenyu, ZOU Bin, WANG Jilai, ZHANG Chengpeng. Special Processing Techniques Commonly Used For Silicon Carbide Ceramic-Based Composites: Review[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(1): 199-218.

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碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料常用的特种加工技术：综述

Special Processing Techniques Commonly Used For Silicon Carbide Ceramic-Based Composites: Review

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