复合材料预制体三维织造主动送纱系统设计与张力控制研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260385

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (7): 396-404.doi: 10.3901/JME.260385

• 数字化设计与制造 • 上一篇

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复合材料预制体三维织造主动送纱系统设计与张力控制研究

黄浩^1,2, 单忠德³, 赵富², 刘检华^1,4, 王立新², 敖晓辉^1,4, 郭子桐³, 孙正³, 王东¹, 李佳华⁵

1. 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院北京 100081;
2. 特种车辆设计制造集成技术全国重点实验室包头 014080;
3. 南京航空航天大学机电学院南京 210016;
4. 河北省智能装配与检测技术重点实验室唐山 063000;
5. 长冶职业技术学院长冶 046000

收稿日期:2025-05-05 修回日期:2025-12-26 发布日期:2026-05-25
作者简介:黄浩，男，1997年出生，博士后。主要研究方向为先进复合材料成形技术与装备、复合材料连接与装配、智能制造工艺等。E-mail:haohuang@bit.edu.cn
刘检华，男，1977年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为数字化制造、精密装配与检测技术。E-mail:jeffliu@bit.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZB20240940)、中国博士后科学基金(2025T181108,2024M764127)和特种车辆设计制造集成技术全国重点实验室(GZ2023KF016)资助项目。

Study on Yarn Tension in the Three-dimensional Weaving Process of Composites Preforms

HUANG Hao^1,2, SHAN Zhongde³, ZHAO Fu², LIU Jianhua^1,4, WANG Lixin², AO Xiaohui^1,4, GUO Zitong³, SUN Zheng³, WANG Dong¹, LI Jiahua⁵

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;
2. National Key Laboratory of Special Vehicle Design and Manufacturing Integration Technology, Baotou 014080;
3. College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016;
4. Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Assembly and Detection Technology, Tangshan 063000;
5. Changzhi Vocational and Technical College, Changzhi 046000

Received:2025-05-05 Revised:2025-12-26 Published:2026-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 提出一种面向三维织造复合材料预制体织造过程的主动送纱方式，完成了主动送纱系统的结构设计和装置搭建，分析了纱线主动输送过程中张力的产生原理，利用误差比例补偿的方法控制理论和实际的纱线输送长度保持稳定；通过试验响应面优化法探究了织造速度、挤出压力和速度配比对张力的耦合作用，并利用二阶多项式进行拟合，实现织造过程中的张力稳定控制；以织造张力变化率为优化目标求解模型的最优参数。结果表明，利用误差比例补偿后纱线输送误差明显减少，均在0.3 mm以内，平均误差降至0.49%，主动送纱系统的挤出压力与速度配比对织造后纱线张力变化率呈现耦合影响，通过响应面试验和回归模型控制柔性导向三维织造主动送纱系统的张力波动范围不超过10%。

关键词: 复合材料, 预制体, 三维织造, 张力, 主动送纱

Abstract: An active yarn feeding system tailored for the weaving process of three-dimensional woven composites is proposed. The structural design and device assembly are completed, and the tension generation mechanism during active yarn feeding is analyzed. By employing an error-proportional compensation method, the theoretical and actual yarn feeding lengths are effectively stabilized. The coupling effects of weaving speed, extrusion pressure, and speed ratio on yarn tension are explored through response surface methodology, and a second-order polynomial model is used for fitting to achieve stable tension control during weaving. The optimization model, aiming to minimize the tension variation rate, is used to determine the optimal process parameters. Results indicate that the error-proportional compensation significantly reduces yarn feeding errors, with all deviations controlled within 0.3 mm and an average error reduction to 0.49%. The extrusion pressure and speed ratio of the active yarn feeding system exhibit coupled effects on the yarn tension variation rate. Utilizing the response surface experiment and regression model, the tension fluctuation of the flexible-oriented three-dimensional weaving system is controlled within 10%.

Key words: composites, preform, three-dimensional weaving, tension, active yarn feeding

中图分类号:

TB332

黄浩, 单忠德, 赵富, 刘检华, 王立新, 敖晓辉, 郭子桐, 孙正, 王东, 李佳华. 复合材料预制体三维织造主动送纱系统设计与张力控制研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(7): 396-404.

HUANG Hao, SHAN Zhongde, ZHAO Fu, LIU Jianhua, WANG Lixin, AO Xiaohui, GUO Zitong, SUN Zheng, WANG Dong, LI Jiahua. Study on Yarn Tension in the Three-dimensional Weaving Process of Composites Preforms[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(7): 396-404.

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复合材料预制体三维织造主动送纱系统设计与张力控制研究

Study on Yarn Tension in the Three-dimensional Weaving Process of Composites Preforms

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