• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 48-60.doi: 10.3901/JME.260036

• 仪器科学与技术 • 上一篇    

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基于临界折射纵波的碳纤维复合材料应力检测方法的研究

潘勤学, 赵广源, 于昊申, 徐佳褀   

  1. 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16 修回日期:2025-07-06 发布日期:2026-03-02
  • 作者简介:潘勤学,男, 1981 年出生,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为超声无损检测技术,残余应力检测与表征,疲劳微裂纹量化检测。E-mail: panqx@bit.edu.cn;赵广源,男, 2001 年出生,硕士。主要研究方向为超声无损检测技术,残余应力检测。E-mail: 1494803656@qq.com;于昊申,男, 1999 年出生,硕士。主要研究方向为超声应力检测与可靠性分析。E-mail: haosenla@dingtalk.com;徐佳褀,男, 1999 年出生,硕士。主要研究方向为超声信号处理。E-mail: xjqbit@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFB3403901)。

Research on Stress Detection Method of Carbon Fiber Composites Based on Critical Refraction Longitudinal Wave

PAN Qinxue, ZHAO Guangyuan, YU Haoshen, XU Jiaqi   

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2024-12-16 Revised:2025-07-06 Published:2026-03-02

摘要: 碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(Carbon fiber reinforced polymer,CFRP)在国防、民生等领域大量应用,已成为国家高质量发展进程不可或缺的组分,高效准确地检测和评估复合材料结构的服役状态对于生产安全至关重要。超声无损检测具有快速、准确等优点,被广泛应用于应力检测。通过研究临界折射纵波(Critically refracted longitudinal,LCR)在正交各向异性材料内部的传播规律,基于等效刚度矩阵建立CFRP应力检测模型,对各向异性材料平面应力系数标定的检测方法进行理论推导。通过有限元方法对CFRP材料的声速、声场指向性、LCR激发角度与渗透深度之间的关系等方面进行分析、模拟、试验,实现了应力的定量表征。以T700碳纤维复合材料为研究对象,搭建超声应力检测系统,进行CFRP中LCR波传播特性试验和应力诱导超声检测试验,与有限元仿真结果一致。利用单轴拉伸预应力加载试验对超声应力系数进行标定和验证,得到超声应力系数最大偏差不超过5%,研究结果为复合材料的结构应力检测提供了有效支撑。

关键词: 碳纤维复合材料, 临界折射纵波, 渗透深度, 应力检测, 应力系数

Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) has been widely applied in defense, civil life and other fields, and has become an indispensable component in the process of high-quality national development. Efficient and accurate detection and evaluation of the service status of composite material structures are crucial for production safety. Ultrasonic non-destructive testing, with its advantages of rapidity and accuracy, is widely used in stress detection. By studying the propagation law of critically refracted longitudinal waves (LCR) in orthotropic materials and establishing a CFRP stress detection model based on the equivalent stiffness matrix, the theoretical derivation of the detection method for calibrating the plane stress coefficient of anisotropic materials is carried out. Through finite element analysis, the relationship between the sound velocity, sound field directivity, LCR excitation angle and penetration depth of CFRP materials is analyzed, simulated and tested, achieving quantitative characterization of stress. Taking T700 carbon fiber composite materials as the research object, an ultrasonic stress detection system is built to conduct LCR wave propagation characteristic tests and stress-induced ultrasonic detection tests in CFRP, which are consistent with the finite element simulation results. The ultrasonic stress coefficient is calibrated and verified by uniaxial tensile prestress loading tests, with the maximum deviation of the ultrasonic stress coefficient not exceeding 5%. The research results provide effective support for the structural stress detection of composite materials.

Key words: carbon fiber composites, critically refracted longitudinal wave, penetration depth, stress detection, stress coefficient

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