工艺参数对铝合金搅拌摩擦增材力学性能影响机理研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.20.062

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (20): 62-71.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.20.062

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇

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工艺参数对铝合金搅拌摩擦增材力学性能影响机理研究

李信贤¹, 祝弘滨², 李会军¹, 何宾¹, 钟华¹, 黄一鸣^1,3, 崔雷^1,3

1. 天津大学材料科学与工程学院天津 300350;
2. 中车工业研究院有限公司北京 100070)3. 高性能轧辊材料与复合成形全国重点实验室天津 300072

收稿日期:2025-02-21 修回日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-12-03
作者简介:李信贤，男，1999年出生。主要研究方向为铝合金的搅拌摩擦增材。E-mail:553798047@qq.com
黄一鸣(通信作者)，男，1992年出生，博士，副教授。主要研究方向为智能化焊接及增材制造。E-mail:ymhuang26@tju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金(52322408)和国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(52201048)资助项目。

Study on Influence Mechanism of Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Additive Friction Stir Deposited Aluminum Alloy

LI Xinxian¹, ZHU Hongbin², LI Huijun¹, HE Bin¹, ZHONG Hua¹, HUANG Yiming^1,3, CUI Lei^1,3

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350;
2. CRRC Industrial Academy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100070) 3. State Key Laboratory of High Performance Roll Materials and Composite Forming, Tianjin 300072

Received:2025-02-21 Revised:2025-09-25 Published:2025-12-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对铝合金搅拌摩擦增材性能分布不均匀的问题，围绕增材工艺优化的急迫需求，开展6061铝合金搅拌摩擦增材制造工艺研究，分析了行进速度和轴肩高度对沉积试样的宏观成形、微观组织及力学性能的影响规律，建立了沉积过程中材料填充的物理模型。结果表明：沉积层内部弱连接缺陷是造成沉积方向抗拉性能下降并且呈现分布不均匀的主要原因，当产生弱连接缺陷时沉积层表面局部区域弧形纹路变浅或缺失。实际送料速度大于轴肩单一旋转周期内刚好填满预设间隙所需的理论送料速度有助于改善沉积层的成形质量，抑制弱连接等界面缺陷的形成，提高界面冶金结合质量和力学性能。根据塑化材料沉积过程，提出的材料填充量和送料速度的计算方法为更深入地理解搅拌摩擦增材过程以及改善沉积质量提供了理论依据。

关键词: 搅拌摩擦增材制造, 6061铝合金, 微观组织, 弱连接缺陷

Abstract: Optimizing additive friction stir deposition manufacturing processes has been an urgent need. In order to overcome the problem of uneven distributed mechanical performance, a study of additive friction stir deposition manufacturing process for 6061 aluminum alloy has been conducted. The effects of traveling speed and shoulder height on the macroscopic morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the deposited aluminum alloy are analyzed. A physical model of material filling during the deposition process is also established. The results show that internal weak bonding in deposition layer is the main cause of the decrease in tensile performance along the deposition direction. When weak bonding occurred, the arc-shaped pattern on the surface of the deposition layer became shallower or disappeared in local areas. The formation of weak bonding can be suppressed by setting the actual feeding rate greater than the theoretical feeding rate required to just fill the preset gap in a single rotation cycle of the shoulder, which improve the metallurgical bonding quality and mechanical properties. The proposed calculation methods for material fill volume and feed rate based on the deposition process of plasticized materials provide a theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the friction stir additive process and for improving deposition quality.

Key words: additive manufacturing, 6061 aluminum alloy, microstructure, weak bonding

中图分类号:

TG455

李信贤, 祝弘滨, 李会军, 何宾, 钟华, 黄一鸣, 崔雷. 工艺参数对铝合金搅拌摩擦增材力学性能影响机理研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(20): 62-71.

LI Xinxian, ZHU Hongbin, LI Huijun, HE Bin, ZHONG Hua, HUANG Yiming, CUI Lei. Study on Influence Mechanism of Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Additive Friction Stir Deposited Aluminum Alloy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(20): 62-71.

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工艺参数对铝合金搅拌摩擦增材力学性能影响机理研究

Study on Influence Mechanism of Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Additive Friction Stir Deposited Aluminum Alloy

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