真实机加表面下船用柴油机斜齿轮混合润滑特性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.01.290

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 斜齿轮作为船舶柴油机正时传动系统的核心组件，长期处于高扭矩及高功率密度的苛刻多变工况条件，并与微观粗糙界面润滑作用耦合，工作于润滑-接触并存的混合润滑环境，导致齿面磨损及点蚀失效问题频发。该研究考虑船用柴油机正时斜齿轮运行状态下典型瞬变工况及三维真实机加表面粗糙度的影响，开展斜齿轮副瞬变混合弹流润滑特性研究。结果表明，三维真实机加表面会显著增加各啮合瞬时斜齿轮接触域油膜压力并使油膜厚度产生较为强烈的波动：剃削表面局部接触区膜厚为0，两齿面微凸体接触概率增加，对润滑状态不利；抛光表面可以改善界面润滑状态，降低两齿面接触面积比，增大膜厚比，是较好的加工工艺选择。此外，大功率和低转速工况使得平均膜厚降低，接触面积比增大，不利于界面润滑膜的形成。为降低齿面点蚀及磨损失效概率，尽量保持正时齿轮工作于高速稳定状态。

关键词: 船用柴油机, 正时斜齿轮副, 三维真实机加表面, 混合润滑

Abstract: As the core component of the timing transmission system of marine diesel engine, helical gears have been working under the harsh and changeable working conditions of high torque and high power density for a long time, and coupled with the lubrication effect of micro rough interface,which make it worked in the mixed lubrication environment of lubrication-contact coexistence,and it also resulting in frequent tooth surface wear and pitting failure. In this study, the transient mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of helical gear pair are studied considering the typical transient conditions of marine diesel engine timing helical gear and the influence of three-dimensional real machining surface roughness.The results show that the three-dimensional real machined surface will significantly increase the oil film pressure in the contact area of each meshing instantaneous helical gear and make the oil film thickness fluctuate strongly. The film thickness in the local contact area of the shaving surface is 0, and the contact probability of the asperities on the two tooth surfaces increases, which is unfavorable to the lubrication state. The polished surface can improve the interface lubrication state, reduce the contact area ratio of the two tooth surfaces, and increase the film thickness ratio, which is a better processing technology choice.In addition, high power and low speed conditions reduce the average film thickness and increase the contact area ratio, which is not conducive to the formation of interfacial lubricating film. In order to reduce the probability of pitting and wear failure on the tooth surface, try to keep the timing gear working in a high-speed stable state.

Key words: marine diesel engine, timing helical gear, three-dimensional real machining surface, mixed lubrication

中图分类号:

TH117

李仁泽, 史修江, 卢熙群, 孙文, 刘翮. 真实机加表面下船用柴油机斜齿轮混合润滑特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(1): 290-304.

LI Renze, SHI Xiujiang, LU Xiqun, SUN Wen, LIU He. Study on Mixed Lubrication Characteristics of Helical Gears of Marine Diesel Engine under Real Machining Surface[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(1): 290-304.

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