船用柴油机轴系不对中在线检测与自愈调控方法

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.20.024

机械工程学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (20): 24-34.doi: 10.3901/JME.2024.20.024

扫码分享

船用柴油机轴系不对中在线检测与自愈调控方法

张进杰¹, 王怀磊¹, 窦全礼², 王子嘉³, 茆志伟¹

1. 北京化工大学高端机械装备健康监控与自愈化北京市重点实验室北京 100029;
2. 潍柴动力股份有限公司潍坊 261000;
3. 清华大学高端装备界面科技全国重点实验室北京 100084

收稿日期:2023-10-15 修回日期:2024-04-20 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-11-30
通讯作者: 茆志伟,男,1990年出生,博士,副教授。主要研究方向为设备故障监测诊断方法。E-mail:maozhiwei@mail.buct.edu.cn
作者简介:张进杰,男,1987年出生,博士,副教授。主要研究方向为设备故障诊断机理与诊断方法智能化。E-mail:zjj87427@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52101343,52201351)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(JD2306,JD2309)资助项目。

Online Detection and Self-healing Regulation Method of Marine Diesel Engine Shafting Misalignment

ZHANG Jinjie¹, WANG Huailei¹, DOU Quanli², WANG Zijia³, MAO Zhiwei¹

1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Health Monitoring and Self-Healing of High-end Mechanical Equipment, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029;
2. Weichai Power Co., Ltd., Weifang 261000;
3. National Key Laboratory of High-end Equipment Interface Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084

Received:2023-10-15 Revised:2024-04-20 Online:2024-10-20 Published:2024-11-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 船用柴油机及其动力轴系受力状态复杂，结构装配、船体变形等影响相互耦合，常发生轴系不对中故障，易导致轴承严重磨损、联轴器断裂、发动机曲轴断裂等严重事故。受结构、工况等条件影响，传统的振动时频特征分析方法难以实现轴系不对中故障的准确定量检测，工频、二倍频特征频率也易与其他故障特征混叠并造成误判。基于不对中状态下的轴系结构形态特性，建立一种不对中形态特征计算模型，针对不对中形式、机械结构影响提出了在线检测方案；以柴油机输出轴为研究对象，建立6自由度故障模拟试验台，完成了不对中检测方法的试验验证；进一步提出一种轴系不对中故障自愈调控方案并完成试验验证，实现了轴系不对中故障的在线自愈调控。数据表明：基于轴系形态特征的不对中检测方法实现了不同工况条件下的不对中在线检测，准确率超过90%；伺服电缸驱动的自愈调控装置可在10 s内使轴系不对中量降低超过75%。

关键词: 不对中, 自愈调控, 结构形态特性, 在线检测, 船用柴油机

Abstract: The force of a marine diesel and its shafting are complex. With effects between structure assembly and hull deformation, shaft misalignment often occurs, which can lead to serious accidents such as bearing wear, coupling fracture, and crankshaft fracture. Due to the influence of structural and operational conditions, traditional vibration time-frequency analysis methods struggle to accurately detect and quantify shafting misalignment. Additionally, the characteristic of power and double frequency is easy to be aliased with other fault features and causes misjudgment. Therefore, a model for misalignment morphological characteristics is developed based on the structural features of misaligned shafting. An online detection scheme is proposed to account for misalignment patterns and mechanical structure effects. The research focuses on the diesel output shaft, and a six-degree-of-freedom fault simulation test bench is established for experimental verification of the misalignment detection method. Furthermore, a self-healing control scheme for shafting misalignment faults is proposed and validated through experiments, enabling online self-healing control of such faults. The data demonstrates that the misalignment detection method based on shafting morphological characteristics can achieve online detection of misalignment under different working conditions, with an accuracy rate exceeding 90%. The self-healing control device driven by servo electric cylinder can reduce the misalignment of shafting by more than 75% within 10 s.

Key words: misalignment, self-healing regulation, structural morphological characteristics, online detection, marine diesel

中图分类号:

TH457
TB126

张进杰, 王怀磊, 窦全礼, 王子嘉, 茆志伟. 船用柴油机轴系不对中在线检测与自愈调控方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(20): 24-34.

ZHANG Jinjie, WANG Huailei, DOU Quanli, WANG Zijia, MAO Zhiwei. Online Detection and Self-healing Regulation Method of Marine Diesel Engine Shafting Misalignment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(20): 24-34.

参考文献

[1] GAO Jinji. A study of the fault self-recovering regulation for process equipment[C]//Proceedings of IMS2003. Xi’ an China：National University Defense Technology Press，2003：779-786.
[2] 王维民，高金吉，李燕. 离心压缩机轴位移故障自愈调控系统试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2010，46(5)：49-54. WANG Weimin，GAO Jinji，LI Yan. Experimental study about centrifugal compressor axial displacement fault self-recovering system[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2010，46(5)：49-54.
[3] 仝宇，田中梁，孙岩桦，等. 基于模型参考自适应系统的电磁轴承支承转子不平衡量辨识及振动抑制[J]. 西安交通大学学报，2022，56(4)：147-156. TONG Yu，TIAN Zhongliang，SUN Yanhua，et al. Unbalance identification and vibration suppression for support rotor of ele-ctromagnetic bearing in basis of model reference adaptive system[J]. Journal of Xi’ an Jiaotong University，2022，56(4)：147-156.
[4] 暴一帆，国玉林，姚剑飞. 基于电磁力的转子不平衡-不对中振动靶向抑制[J]. 轴承，2022(3)：23-28. BAO Yifan，GUO Yulin，YAO Jianfei. Targeting suppression of rotor vibration induced by unbalance- misalignment using electromagnetic force[J]. Bearing，2022(3)：23-28.
[5] 潘鑫，吴海琦，高金吉. 旋转机械气压液体式不平衡振动故障靶向自愈调控系统[J]. 机械工程学报，2015，51(1)：146-152. PAN Xin，WU Haiqi，GAO Jinji. Rotating machinery targeting self-recovery regulation system for imbalance vibration fault with liquid-transfer active balancing device[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2015，51(1)：146-152.
[6] ZHANG Q，DUAN J，ZHANG S，et al. Nonlinear dynamic modeling for a diesel engine propeller shafting used in large marines[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2014，27(5)：937-948.
[7] LI M，YU L. Analysis of the coupled lateral torsional vibration of a rotor-bearing system with a misaligned gear coupling[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration，2001，243(2)：283-300.
[8] LIU Y，ZHAO Y，LI J，et al. Feature extraction method based on NOFRFs and its application in faulty rotor system with slight misalignment[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics，2020，99(2)：1763-1777.
[9] ZHAO W，HUA C，WANG D，et al. Fault diagnosis of shaft misalignment and crack in rotor system based on MI-CNN[C]//Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures. Springer，Singapore，2020：529-540.
[10] KHAN M A，SHAHID M A，AHMED S A，et al. Gear misalignment diagnosis using statistical features of vibration and airborne sound spectrums[J]. Measurement，2019，145：419-435.
[11] AREBI L，GU F，Ball A. A comparative study of misalignment detection using a novel wireless sensor with conventional wired sensors[C]//Journal of Physics：Conference Series. IOP Publishing，2012，364(1)：12-49.
[12] YAO Y，LI Y，YIN Q. A novel method based on self-sensing motor drive system for misalignment detection[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2019，116：217-229.
[13] CHACON J L F，ANDICOBERRY E A，KAPPATOS V，et al. Shaft angular misalignment detection using acoustic emission[J]. Applied Acoustics，2014，85：12-22.
[14] MOHANTY A R，FATIMA S. Shaft misalignment detection by thermal imaging of support bearings[J]. IFAC-Papers on Line，2015，48(21)：554-559.
[15] VERUCCHI C，BOSSIO J，BOSSIO G，et al. Misalignment detection in induction motors with flexible coupling by means of estimated torque analysis and MCSA[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2016，80：570-581.
[16] 刘占生，杨金福，赵伟民. 旋转机械轴承标高可控调整装置：中国，CN1291169C [P]. 2006-12-20. LIU Zhansheng，YANG Jinfu，ZHAO Weimin. Rotary machinery bearing elevation controllable adjustment device：China，CN1291169C [P]. 2006-12-20.
[17] 李慧敏，曾胜，汪希萱. 基于电磁辅助支承的不对中在线补偿系统[J]. 机械工程学报，2005，41(9)：150-154. LI Huimin，ZENG Sheng，WANG Xixuan. On-line compensation system of rotor misalignment based on auxiliary magnetic bearing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2005，41(9)：150-154.
[18] 尹红升，刘金林，施亮，等. 船舶柔性推进轴系校中特性研究[J]. 推进技术，2022，43(4)：396-404. YIN Hongsheng，LIU Jinlin，SHI Liang，et al. Alignment characteristics of ship flexible propulsion shafting[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology，43(4)：396-404.
[19] 陈立芳，李兆举，王维民，等. 旋转机械不平衡振动自愈调控原理与方法[J]. 机械工程学报，2021，57(22)：416-424. CHEN Lifang，LI Zhaoju，WANG Weimin，et al. Self-recovery principle and method for unbalanced vibration of rotating machinery[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021，57(22)：416-424.
[20] 潘鑫，谢震，吴海琦，等. 高速不平衡振动压液式轴内装自愈调控系统[J]. 机械工程学报，2021，57(24)：184-191. PAN Xin，XIE Zhen，WU Haiqi，et al. Pneumatic-liquid type self-recovery regulation system for the imbalance vibration of high-speed hollow shaft[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021，57(24)：184-191.
[21] KUMAR G，CHOUDHURY M D，NATESAN S，et al. Design and analysis of a radial active magnetic bearing for vibration control[J]. Procedia Engineering，2016，144：810-816.
[22] SONI T，DAS A S，DUTT J K. Active vibration control of ship mounted flexible rotor-shaft-bearing system during seakeeping[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration，2020，467：115046.
[23] WANG Z，ZHANG J，JIANG Z，et al. Quantitative misalignment detection method for diesel engine based on the average of shaft vibration and shaft shape characteristics[J]. Measurement，2021，181：109527.

船用柴油机轴系不对中在线检测与自愈调控方法

Online Detection and Self-healing Regulation Method of Marine Diesel Engine Shafting Misalignment

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	陈壮, 董庆兵, 罗振涛, 魏静, 孟凡明, 戚勍. 花键微动磨损和损伤累积的耦合机制及寿命预测[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(3): 133-143.
[2]	成建伟, 卜文俊, 施亮, 张源潮, 赵敬民. 基于结构适应的船体变形对中偏移自愈调控方法的研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(18): 22-30.
[3]	左彦飞, 李宁, 马波, 史守州, 冯坤. 基于多体接触瞬态动力学不对中故障模拟及试验验证[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(13): 133-147.
[4]	潘鑫, 谢震, 吴海琦, 冯坤, 江志农, 高金吉. 高速不平衡振动压液式轴内装自愈调控系统[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(24): 184-191.
[5]	陈立芳, 李兆举, 王维民, 高金吉. 旋转机械不平衡振动自愈调控原理与方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(22): 416-424.
[6]	高金吉. 人工自愈概论[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(2): 1-10.
[7]	王瑶, 张进杰, 周超, 江志农, 刘雯华, 孙旭. 往复压缩机气阀故障条件下气量调节失效的自愈调控方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(12): 267-274.
[8]	江志农, 周超, 张进杰, 刘雯华, 王瑶, 孙旭. 往复压缩机气量调节控制失稳自愈调控方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(22): 131-141.
[9]	王庆锋, 刘家赫, 卫炳坤, 张程. 数据驱动的聚类分析故障识别方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(18): 7-14.
[10]	甄满, 田拥胜, 孙涛, 张华良, 谭春青. 具有不对中故障的双跨转子系统非线性动力学特性[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(16): 109-117.
[11]	李志农, 李云龙, 刁海洋. 基于非线性输出频率响应函数的转子不对中-碰摩耦合故障诊断方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(19): 84-91.
[12]	李洪亮, 侯磊, 徐梅鹏, 陈予恕. 基于HB-AFT方法的不对中转子系统超谐共振分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(13): 80-86.
[13]	高金吉. 人工自愈与机器自愈调控系统[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(8): 83-94.
[14]	王庆锋, 高金吉, 袁庆斌, 江志农. 主风机静叶可调执行机构自愈化智能电液控制系统研究与应用^*[J]. 机械工程学报, 2016, 52(20): 185-192.
[15]	刘杨, 李炎臻, 石拓, 马辉, 闻邦椿. 转子-滑动轴承系统不对中-碰摩耦合故障分析^*[J]. 机械工程学报, 2016, 52(13): 79-86.