碳纤维复合材料构件加工技术进展

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.19.348

机械工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (19): 348-374.doi: 10.3901/JME.2023.19.348

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碳纤维复合材料构件加工技术进展

贾振元^1,2,3, 付饶^1,2,3, 王福吉^1,2,3

1. 大连理工大学机械工程学院大连 116024;
2. 大连理工大学高性能精密制造全国重点实验室大连 116024;
3. 大连理工大学辽宁省先进复合材料高性能制造重点实验室大连 116024

收稿日期:2023-07-26 修回日期:2023-08-29 出版日期:2023-10-05 发布日期:2023-12-11
通讯作者: 贾振元(通信作者)，男，1963年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师，中国科学院院士。主要研究方向为高端装备高性能零部件控形控性机械加工理论、技术与装备研究。E-mail：jzyxy@dlut.edu.cn
作者简介:付饶,男,1988年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为碳纤维复材构件低损伤加工技术与装备研究。E-mail:r.fu@dlut.edu.cn;王福吉,男,1974年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为碳纤维复材构件高质量成型、加工、连接技术与装备研究。E-mail:wfjsll@dlut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52090053, 52105432)和国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0702803)资助项目。

Research Advance Review of Machining Technology for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Components

JIA Zhenyuan^1,2,3, FU Rao^1,2,3, WANG Fuji^1,2,3

1. School of Mechanical of Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024;
2. State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024;
3. Key Laboratory of High-performance Manufacturing for Advanced Composite Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024

Received:2023-07-26 Revised:2023-08-29 Online:2023-10-05 Published:2023-12-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 轻质高强、易于整体近净成形制造的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(简称：碳纤维复材)在航空航天、船舶、能源等领域先进装备的制造中优势显著，广泛用于制造各类构件。碳纤维复材构件的加工是其连接装配最终制造装备的重要环节之一。然而此类材料具有多相态、层叠、各向异性等特征，加工易产生分层等损伤，严重影响其服役性能和生产效率。因此，碳纤维复材构件的高质高效加工一直是机械加工领域的研究热点和难点，科研人员从多个角度进行了大量基础与应用研究，形成了颇为丰硕的理论与技术成果。本文总结了碳纤维复合材料构件加工技术的重要进展，概述了传统/非传统加工方法及其适配性，进而对传统加工方法的基础切削理论、加工刀具和工艺开展详细论述，介绍了碳纤维复材宏、细观尺度下的基础切削理论发展历程，分析了切削理论对抑制钻、铣削损伤的指导作用；进而剖析了钻、铣削加工刀具的设计理念，总结了加工刀具从传统结构改进向新式结构开发的发展历程；同时探讨了工艺参数、特殊轨迹加工与冷却工艺等对碳纤维复材加工质量的影响机制；最后展望了碳纤维复材加工理论与技术的发展方向，以及面对新型材料、特殊结构特征、加工过程控制等方面可能遇到的挑战和机遇。

关键词: 碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料, 加工技术, 加工刀具, 加工工艺, 加工质量

Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) have significant advantages in manufacturing various components of advanced equipment in the fields of aerospace, marine, energy, etc., due to their superior characteristics, including lightweight, high strength, and feasibility of integrated manufacturing to near net shape. Machining of CFRP components is one of the most critical processes for assembly and finally achieving equipment. However, CFRPs are featured with multi-phase, laminated and anisotropic nature, and the machining of CFRP components is prone to delamination and other defects, which would seriously affect their service performance and production efficiency. Therefore, high-quality and efficient machining of CFRP components has always been a hot and challenging topic for investigation. Researchers have conducted numerous academic and engineering studies from various perspectives and achieved fruitful theoretical and technical findings. This study reviewed the important research advances of machining technology for CFRP components, summarized the traditional/non-traditional machining methods and their adaptability, and elaborated the cutting theory, cutting tools, and machining process of CFRP in detail. The development history of CFRP cutting theory is first introduced at macro and micro scales, and the guidance for restraining CFRP drilling and milling defects is discussed. Then, the design concept of drilling and milling tools is analyzed in-depth, and the cutting tool developments from traditional tool geometry optimization to novel tool geometry evolution are summarized. The influencing mechanism of machining parameters, special machining trajectory, cooling process, etc., on machining quality are discussed. Finally, the future research trend of machining theory and technology has been prospected for CFRP, and the possible challenges and opportunities in new materials, unique structural characteristics, stability, and process control have been proposed.

Key words: CFRP, machining technology, cutting tool, machining process, machining quality

中图分类号:

TG71

贾振元, 付饶, 王福吉. 碳纤维复合材料构件加工技术进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(19): 348-374.

JIA Zhenyuan, FU Rao, WANG Fuji. Research Advance Review of Machining Technology for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Components[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(19): 348-374.

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碳纤维复合材料构件加工技术进展

Research Advance Review of Machining Technology for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Components

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