电化学制造新进展

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.19.330

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 电化学制造技术包括电解加工和电铸成形。电解加工适合于制造难加工材料零件，批产效率高，是航空、航天、兵器等工业领域的重要制造技术之一。随着研究工作持续进行，21世纪以来电化学制造技术取得了显著的进步。介绍和分析电解加工在精度、加工的极限尺度、新的加工模式、复合加工等方面的研究进展，重点讨论脉动态电解加工、微细电化学加工、线切割电解加工、旋印电解加工、电化学复合加工等研究热点的现状和发展，其中脉动态电解加工、线切割电解加工和旋印电解加工等技术方法已在整体叶盘、涡轮盘榫槽、薄壁机匣等航空发动机制造中发挥重要作用或展现出技术优势。电铸成形技术具有极高的复制精度，承担了一些特殊的精密制造任务。在微器件制造方面，LIGA技术已经在二维器件制造方面获得了很多重要应用，目前的研究热点集中在三维金属微结构电铸成形方面，介绍和评述国内外在此方向的研究进展。电解加工与放电、机械、激光等其它能场复合，在提高加工效率、加工精度等方面取得了不错的研究进展。

关键词: 电解加工, 电铸成形, 脉动态电解加工, 线切割电解加工, 旋印电解加工, 微细电解加工, 电解复合加工

Abstract: Electrochemical manufacturing includes electrochemical machining (ECM) and electroforming (EF). ECM is suitable for producing components made of difficult-to-cut materials in batch production, and has been an important machining technology in industrial fields such as aviation, aerospace and weaponry. Since 21st century, remarkable achievements in electrochemical manufacture has been made. The latest developments of ECM on machining accuracy, ultimate scale, machining mode and hybrid manufacturing is introduced. It focused on the research hotspots in pulse dynamic electrochemical machining (PECM), electrochemical micromachining, wire electrochemical machining (WECM), counter-rotating electrochemical machining (CRECM) and hybrid electrochemical machining. Among these, PECM, WECM and CRECM have been playing the important role or presented the technological superiority in the manufacture of blade disc, turbine slots and thin-walled casings in aeroengine. Besides, EF also undertakes some precision machining tasks because of its extremely high replication accuracy. LIGA has got many important applications in fabrication of two-dimensional devices. Now, the latest developments on electroforming of 3D metallic microstructures have been reviewed. Besides, electrochemical machining has well collaborated with some energy fields like electrical discharge, mechanical and laser for improving the machining efficiency or machining accuracy.

Key words: electrochemical machining, electroforming, pulse dynamic electrochemical machining, wire electrochemical machining, counter-rotating electrochemical machining, electrochemical micromachining, hybrid electrochemical machining

中图分类号:

TG156

朱荻, 房晓龙, 王登勇, 沈春健. 电化学制造新进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(19): 330-347.

ZHU Di, FANG Xiaolong, WANG Dengyong, SHEN Chunjian. New Developments in Electrochemical Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(19): 330-347.

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