• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (15): 397-406.doi: 10.3901/JME.260263

• 机械动力学 • 上一篇    

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空气弹簧动刚度性能退化机理表征及试验研究

邬明宇1, 王亚飞1, 陈俊杰2, 钟弘2   

  1. 1. 上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院 上海 200240;
    2. 江西理工大学机电工程学院 赣州 341000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-02 修回日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2026-10-13
  • 作者简介:邬明宇,男,1996年出生,博士,助理研究员。主要研究方向为空气悬架系统动力学与控制。E-mail:wmy_marvin@sjtu.edu.cn;王亚飞(通信作者),男,1983年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为特种车辆自动驾驶技术。E-mail:wyfjlu@sjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52402516)和智能绿色车辆与交通全国重点实验室开放基金课题(KFY2408)资助项目。

Mechanism Characterization and Experimental Research on Dynamic Stiffness Performance Degradation of Air Springs

WU Mingyu1, WANG Yafei1, CHEN Junjie2, ZHONG Hong2   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240;
    2. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000
  • Received:2025-08-02 Revised:2025-12-20 Published:2026-10-13

摘要: 提出了一种基于材料退化与热力学耦合的空气弹簧性能退化机理模型,综合空气弹簧气囊设计参数、材料特性和退化机理等方面,给出模型中各参数精确物理含义及数学表达以适用于不同性能退化程度的空气弹簧动态特性精确预测。设计空气弹簧性能退化疲劳试验和示功测试,结果显示不同程度性能退化下空气弹簧全工况动态特性预测误差小于2.19%,验证了本文理论的正确性。给出了不同关键设计参数对空气弹簧性能退化动刚度的影响,拓展了空气弹簧动态特性维度。进一步,构建非线性退化幅度系数用于定量表征不同振幅区间的刚度衰减差异,揭示了动刚度随加载次数和振幅变化的演化规律,可为空气弹簧全生命周期内动态特性正向开发和设计提供理论支撑。

关键词: 空气弹簧, 性能退化, 动态特性, 疲劳测试

Abstract: A degradation mechanism model of air spring performance based on material deterioration and thermodynamic coupling is proposed, incorporating design parameters, material properties, and degradation mechanisms. Precise physical interpretations and mathematical formulations of model parameters are provided to facilitate accurate prediction of air spring dynamic characteristics across varying degradation levels. Fatigue tests and indicator diagram tests were conducted. The results reveal that under all operating conditions, prediction errors for dynamic characteristics remained below 2.19%, thereby validating the proposed theoretical model. Additionally, the impact of key design parameters on dynamic stiffness degradation in air springs is examined, expanding the framework for evaluating air spring dynamic behavior. Furthermore, a nonlinear degradation factor (NDF) was formulated to quantitatively assess the amplitude-dependent stiffness degradation characteristics. This metric enables in-depth interpretation of the evolution of dynamic stiffness under varying loading cycles and excitation amplitudes, and provides a theoretical basis for the forward design and full life-cycle optimization of air spring dynamic performance.

Key words: air spring, performance degradation, dynamic characteristics, fatigue test

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