弱混车辆分层约束的能量协调控制策略

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.06.268

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对串联式弱混车辆在急加速过程动态特性较差的问题，提出分层约束的能量协调控制策略。建立动力系统动态模型，对车辆加速过程仿真分析得到动力系统的耦合约束条件，对增压系统仿真分析得到制约车辆动态特性的关键因素。进而提出分层约束的能量协调控制策略，底层根据冒烟极限油量下发动机理论最大负载转矩对发电机加载转矩进行约束，顶层根据系统的功率供给能力约束电机驱动功率。通过仿真验证所提策略的有效性。研究结果表明，相比于传统策略，分层约束的能量协调控制策略能有效协调发动机-发电机组的加载过程，大幅缩短了发动机-发电机组从怠速状态提升至标定功率的响应时间，显著提升了车辆的加速性能，为优化串联式弱混车辆的动态特性提供了新的技术路径。

关键词: 弱混车辆, 约束条件, 协调控制, 发动机-发电机组, 动态特性

Abstract: An energy coordination control strategy with layered constraints is proposed for the problem of poor dynamic characteristics of mild hybrid electric vehicles under transient conditions. The dynamic model of the power system is established, the coupling constraints of the power system are obtained by simulating the vehicle acceleration process, the key factor restricting the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle is obtained through the simulation analysis of the turbocharging system. Then, an energy coordination control strategy with Layered constraints is proposed. The bottom layer constrains the generator torque by the theoretical maximum load torque of the engine at the smoke limit oil, and the top layer constrains the motor power by the power supply capacity of the system. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by simulation. The results show that compared with the traditional strategy, the proposed strategy can effectively coordinate the loading process of the engine-generator set, greatly shorten the response time of the engine-generator set from idle speed to rated power, significantly improve the acceleration performance of the vehicle, and provide a new technical approach for optimizing the dynamic characteristics of series mild hybrid electric vehicles.

Key words: mild hybrid electric vehicle, constraint condition, coordinated control, engine-generator set, dynamic characteristics

中图分类号:

TJ810

吕航, 商显赫, 赵长禄, 韩雪峰, 杨占华, 张付军. 弱混车辆分层约束的能量协调控制策略[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(6): 268-276.

Lü Hang, SHANG Xianhe, ZHAO Changlu, HAN Xuefeng, YANG Zhanhua, ZHANG Fujun. Energy Coordination Control Strategy with Layered Constraints for Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(6): 268-276.

参考文献

[1] 宋强，曾普，何士娟，等. 基于典型作业工况的串联式电传动推土机功率跟随控制策略[J]. 机械工程学报，2014，50(20)：136-142. SONG Qiang，ZENG Pu，HE Shijuan，et al. Power flowing control strategy of series hybrid tracked bulldozer at the typical working condition[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2014，50(20)：136-142.
[2] 赵鹏宇，陈英龙，周华，等. 基于转矩预测的混合动力挖掘机控制策略[J]. 机械工程学报，2018，54(1)：99-106. ZHAO Pengyu，CHEN Yinglong，ZHOU Hua，et al. Control strategy of hybrid excavator based on torque prediction[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2018，54(1)：99-106.
[3] RANDIVE V，SUBRAMANIAN S C，THONDIYATH A. Design and analysis of a hybrid electric powertrain for military tracked vehicles[J]. Energy，2021，229：120768.
[4] 温博轩，王伟达，项昌乐，等. 混联式混合动力系统动态响应协调控制[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报，2016，48(1)：78-85. WEN Boxuan，WANG Weida，XIANG Changle，et al. Torque coordinated control for the multi power in parallel-series HEV[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology，2016，48(1)：78-85.
[5] 盖江涛，生辉，周广明，等. 串联式混合动力履带车辆急加速工况功率平衡控制策略[J]. 兵工学报，2021，42(10)：2180-2188. GAI Jiangtao，SHENG Hui，ZHOU Guangming，et al. Power balance control strategy of series hybrid tracked vehicle under rapid acceleration[J]. Acta Armamentarii，2021，42(10)：2180-2188.
[6] CHEN R H，YANG C，HAN L J，et al. Power reserve predictive control strategy for hybrid electric vehicle using recognition-based long short-term memory network[J]. Journal of Power Sources，2022，520：230865.
[7] 曲晓冬，王庆年，于远彬. 增程式电动车的APU控制策略的研究[J]. 汽车工程，2013，35(9)：763-768. QU Xiaodong，WANG Qingnian，YU Yuanbin. A study on the control strategy for APU in an extended-range EV[J]. Automotive Engineering，2013，35(9)：763-768.
[8] 焦晓红，赵旭光. 串联式混合动力汽车辅助功率单元自适应控制[J]. 电机与控制学报，2011，15(10)：75-81. JIAO Xiaohong，ZHAO Xuguang. Adaptive control for auxiliary power unit of series hybrid electrical vehicle[J]. Electric Machines and Control，2011，15(10)：75-81.
[9] LI J Q，WANG Y H，CHEN J W，et al. Study on energy management strategy and dynamic modeling for auxiliary power units in range-extended electric vehicles[J]. Applied Energy，2017，194：363-375.
[10] LIU H W，LEI Y L，FU Y，et al. Optimization and realization on the coordination control strategy for auxiliary power unit of range-extended electric vehicle[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers，Part D：Journal of Automobile Engineering，2021，236(13)：2865-2878.
[11] 刘辉，李训明，王伟达，等. 基于最优功率分配因子的插电式混合动力汽车实时能量管理策略研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2019，55(4)：91-101. LIU Hui，LI Xunming，WANG Weida，et al. Optimal power allocation factor based real time energy management strategy for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2019，55(4)：91-101.
[12] OH H，LEE J，WOO S，et al. Effect of synergistic engine technologies for 48 V mild hybrid electric vehicles[J]. Energy Conversion and Management，2021，244：114515.
[13] 孙逢春，张承宁. 装甲车辆混合动力电传动技术[M]. 北京：国防工业出版社，2008. SUN Fengchun，ZHANG Chengning. Hybrid electric drive technology for armored vehicles[M]. Beijing：National Defense Industry Press，2008.
[14] 马晓军，徐浩轩，刘春光. 串联式混合动力车辆发电机组协调控制策略[J]. 兵工学报，2021，42(10)：2075-2081. MA Xiaojun，XU Haoxuan，LIU Chunguang. Coordinated control strategy of generator sets of series hybrid electric vehicles[J]. Acta Armamentarii，2021，42(10)：2075-2081.
[15] CHEN R H，YANG C，MA Y，et al. Online learning predictive power coordinated control strategy for off-road hybrid electric vehicles considering the dynamic response of engine generator set[J]. Applied Energy，2022，323：119592.
[16] HE H W，SHOU Y W，WANG H. Fuel economy optimization of diesel engine for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle based on equivalent operating points[J]. Control Engineering Practice，2022，123：105162.
[17] HOU Y，YAN F J. A predictive energy management strategy for hybrid electric powertrain with a turbocharged diesel engine[J]. Journal of Dynamic Systems，Measurement，and Control，2018，140(6)：061017.
[18] ZHAO D Z，STOBART R，DONG G Y，et al. Real-time energy management for diesel heavy duty hybrid electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology，2015，23(3)：829-841.
[19] NAZARI S，SIEGEL J，STEFANOPOULOU A. Optimal energy management for a mild hybrid vehicle with electric and hybrid engine boosting systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology，2019，68(4)：3386-3399.
[20] LI Y Y，WANG S Q，DUAN X B，et al. Multi-objective energy management for Atkinson cycle engine and series hybrid electric vehicle based on evolutionary NSGA-II algorithm using digital twins[J]. Energy Conversion and Management，2021，230：113788.
[21] XU N，KONG Y，ZHANG Y J，et al. Determination of vehicle working modes for global optimization energy management and evaluation of the economic performance for a certain control strategy[J]. Energy，2022，251：123825.
[22] 李军求，孙逢春，张承宁. 履带式混合动力车辆能量管理策略与实时仿真[J]. 兵工学报，2013，34(11)：1345-1351. LI Junqiu，SUN Fengchun，ZHANG Chengning. Energy management strategy and real-time simulation of hybrid electric tracked vehicle[J]. Acta Armamentarii，2013，34(11)：1345-1351.