考虑游隙动态变化的全陶瓷轴承打滑行为研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260603

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 全陶瓷轴承因其高硬度、低摩擦系数等特性对于内部接触状态的变化更加敏感且更容易发生打滑。此外，轴承运行过程中内部游隙的动态变化会改变轴承内部接触状态，使轴承的打滑行为更加复杂，加剧轴承运动的不稳定性。因此，提出了一个考虑径向游隙动态变化的全陶瓷轴承打滑动力学模型，建立了陶瓷轴承在高速离心效应和热效应影响下其内部游隙与过盈量之间的映射关系，详细讨论了不同径向游隙影响下轴承部件之间的接触特性和打滑行为，最后设计实验，通过3D打印的差分编码盘间接测量了保持架的角速度来验证模型的正确性。研究结果表明，随着内部游隙的增加，滚珠与滚道之间的打滑速度与打滑区域显著增大。当内部游隙由0 μm增加至5 μm，打滑速度提高了50.47%，打滑范围扩大了24.72%。主轴转速的升高显著加剧了保持架滑动率的波动幅度，当转速由6 000 r/min增加至12 000 r/min时，打滑率增至0.252%，其波动范围提高了23.5%。该研究为全陶瓷轴承的故障检测以及优化设计提供了有效的理论支持。

关键词: 全陶瓷轴承, 动态游隙, 打滑行为, 热变形, 动态特性

Abstract: Full ceramic bearings are more sensitive to variations in the internal contact state and are more prone to skidding due to their high hardness and low friction coefficient characteristics. In addition, the dynamic variation of the internal clearance during the operation will change the internal contact state of the bearing, which makes the bearing skidding behavior more complicated and aggravating the instability of the bearing movement. Therefore, a full ceramic bearing dynamics model considering the dynamic variation of radial clearance is proposed. The mapping relationship between the internal clearance and the interference under the influence of high-speed centrifugal effect and thermal effect is established. The contact characteristics and skidding behaviors between the bearing components under the influence of different radial clearances are discussed in detail. Finally, an experiment is designed, and the cage angular velocity is indirectly measured by 3D printed differential encoding disk to verify the correctness of the model. The results show that with the increase of internal clearance, the skidding speed and the skidding area between the ball and the raceway increase significantly. When the internal clearance increased from 0 μm to 5 μm, the skidding speed increased by 50.47% and the skidding area expanded by 24.72%. The increase of speed aggravated the fluctuation amplitude of cage skidding rate, and when the speed is increased from 6 000 r/min to 12 000 r/min, the skidding rate increased to 0.252%, and its fluctuation range increased by 23.5%. This study provides effective theoretical support for fault detection and optimization design of full ceramic bearings.

Key words: full ceramic bearing, internal clearance, skidding behavior, thermal deformation, dynamic characteristics

中图分类号:

TG156

张珂, 高刘旺, 王展, 王子男. 考虑游隙动态变化的全陶瓷轴承打滑行为研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(11): 383-398.

ZHANG Ke, GAO Liuwang, WANG Zhan, WANG Zinan. Study on Skidding Behavior of Full Ceramic Bearings Considering Dynamic Variations of Internal Clearance[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(11): 383-398.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I11/383

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