裂纹故障的行星齿轮系统动态特性分析及试验研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2600745

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 齿根裂纹故障发生时，故障轮齿的弹塑性弯曲及齿轮的径向跳动会导致啮合位置偏移，从而对啮合刚度及系统响应特性产生较大影响。通过计及因径向跳动及故障轮齿弹塑性弯曲所造成的齿轮副啮合位置偏移，推导了齿轮副的实际啮合位置，并应用势能法研究了其啮合刚度；综合考虑制造误差、间隙、时变啮合刚度、阻尼等因素建立了一种多重激励因素耦合的行星齿轮系统动力学模型，分析了不同故障状态下系统的动态特性规律，并通过试验研究验证了该模型的正确性。结果表明：啮合刚度对故障轮齿的塑性弯曲变形非常敏感，且双齿啮合区的刚度衰减量大于单齿啮合区。耦合间隙会导致齿轮副的压力角呈现周期性时变特性，并且受到行星架转频的调制作用。同时，啮合频率两侧会调制行星架转频、太阳轮转频及其故障特征频率。通过建立更为精确的行星齿轮系统动力学模型并研究其动态调制规律，可为行星齿轮传动系统的故障诊断提供有效的理论支撑。

关键词: 齿根裂纹, 啮合刚度, 势能法, 行星齿轮系统, 动态特性

Abstract: Tooth root crack will cause meshing stiffness to attenuate and thereby impact the vibration characteristics of the system due to the meshing position deviation caused by the elastoplastic deflection of the cracked tooth and the gear radial runout. By taking into account the deviation of the meshing position caused by radial runout and the elastoplastic bending, the actual meshing position was derived, and its meshing stiffness was studied by applying the potential energy method. A dynamic model of a planetary gear system coupled with multiple excitation factors was established by considering factors such as manufacturing error, clearance, time-varying meshing stiffness, and damping. The dynamic characteristic laws under different fault states were analyzed, and the model was verified through experimental research. Results show mesh stiffness is highly sensitive to plastic bending deformation, with greater stiffness attenuation in double-tooth meshing zones versus single-tooth zones. The coupling clearance induces periodic time-variation in gear pair pressure angle, modulated by carrier rotational frequency. Additionally, meshing frequency exhibits sidebands modulated by the rotation frequency of the carrier, sun gear, and fault characteristic frequencies. This precise modeling of planetary gear dynamics and modulation mechanisms provides critical theoretical support for fault diagnosis in geared transmission systems.

Key words: tooth root crack, mesh stiffness, potential energy method, planetary gear system, dynamic response

中图分类号:

TH132

刘英辉, 李善迎, 冯国金, 张浩, 甄冬. 裂纹故障的行星齿轮系统动态特性分析及试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(14): 84-96.

LIU Yinghui, LI Shanying, FENG Guojin, ZHANG Hao, ZHEN Dong. Dynamic Analysis and Experimental Research of Planetary Gear System with Crack Fault[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(14): 84-96.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.2600745

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I14/84

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