光热发电用不锈钢的熔盐缓蚀策略研究进展

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.20.049

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 熔盐具有热容量大、导热性和热稳定性高等优异的热物理性质，作为热能存储介质在核电和光热发电等领域得到了广泛应用，但高温熔盐对金属材料具有严重腐蚀性。基于熔盐对不锈钢的腐蚀评价及机理研究，从熔盐改性和材料表面改性方面介绍了减缓熔盐对不锈钢腐蚀的主要策略。论述热纯化、化学纯化、添加纳米颗粒等熔盐改性方法以及减缓金属腐蚀的评价，分析含铝合金涂层、表面分形纹理、石墨化涂层、纳米颗粒涂层和含铝不锈钢预氧化等材料防护方法及其对减轻熔盐腐蚀的研究进展。最后指出含铝不锈钢的开发对光热发电系统的安全设计、制造和运维的重要性。

关键词: 光热发电, 熔盐储能, 熔盐腐蚀, 熔盐纯化, 碳氯化, 含铝合金涂层, 含铝不锈钢预氧化

Abstract: Molten salt possesses excellent thermophysical properties such as high heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal stability, making it widely used as a heat storage medium in fields such as nuclear power and concentrated solar power generation. However, high-temperature molten salt exhibits severe corrosiveness towards metallic materials. Based on the evaluation and mechanism of molten salt corrosion of stainless steel, the main strategies to slow down the corrosion of molten salt on stainless steel are introduced from the aspects of molten salt modification and surface modification of materials. Firstly, the paper discusses the evaluation of molten salt modification methods such as thermal purification, chemical purification, and addition of nanoparticles to reduce metal corrosion. Subsequently, it analyzes the research progress on material protection methods, including aluminum alloy coatings, surface fractal textures, graphitization coatings, nanoparticle coatings, and aluminum-containing stainless steel pre-oxidation, and their effects on mitigating molten salt corrosion. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of developing aluminum-containing stainless steels for the safety design, manufacturing, and operation and maintenance of concentrated solar power systems.

Key words: concentrated solar power, molten salt energy storage, molten salt corrosion, molten salt purification, carbon tetrachloride, aluminum-alloy coatings, pre-oxidation of stainless steel with aluminum

中图分类号:

TG174

李广, 付一川, 喇培清, 石玗. 光热发电用不锈钢的熔盐缓蚀策略研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(20): 49-61.

LI Guang, FU Yichuan, LA Peiqing, SHI Yu. Research Progress on Corrosion Mitigation Strategies of Stainless Steel in Concentrated Solar Power Generation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(20): 49-61.

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