核用锆合金表面CrAlX(X=Nb、Mo)涂层的硼锂水腐蚀特性及摩擦学性能研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.10.178

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 锆合金因其优异的力学性能、抗腐蚀性能和低热中子吸收截面，被广泛应用于核工业，尤其是核燃料包壳材料。然而，其在苛刻服役工况下的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能仍需进一步提升。为此，本研究采用激光熔覆技术，在锆合金表面成功制备了掺入少量Nb和Mo元素的CrAl涂层，旨在提高其表面性能。通过对涂层的微观组织、摩擦学性能及硼锂水中的耐腐蚀性进行系统研究，结果表明，三种CrAlX涂层均由Cr-BCC相、富Zr相及Al₂Zr-Laves相组成，掺入的Nb和Mo有效抑制了Zr元素向涂层中的稀释。CrAlX涂层的显微硬度显著高于锆合金基体，含Mo涂层硬度最高，达916.91 HV_0.5，为基体的5.1倍。摩擦学性能测试结果显示，含Mo涂层的摩擦因数和磨损失重最低，展现出最佳的耐磨性。电化学测试结果显示，含Mo涂层的腐蚀电流密度最低，且其钝化膜的致密性和抗点蚀能力最强。XPS分析揭示了CrAlX涂层钝化膜中不完全氧化的Cr元素对其化学稳定性可能存在影响。因此，本研究为通过激光熔覆技术增强锆合金表面性能，特别是在核工业中的应用，提供了重要的理论基础和试验支持。

关键词: CrAl涂层, 激光熔覆, 锆合金, 钝化膜, 耐磨性, 耐腐蚀性

Abstract: Zirconium alloys are widely used in the nuclear industry, especially for nuclear fuel casing materials, due to their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and low thermal neutron absorption cross section. However, their wear and corrosion resistance under harsh service conditions still need to be further improved. To this end, in this study, CrAl coatings doped with small amounts of Nb and Mo elements are successfully prepared on the surface of zirconium alloys by laser cladding technology, aiming to improve their surface properties. The microstructure, tribological properties and corrosion resistance in boron and lithium water of the coatings are systematically investigated, and the results show that the three CrAlX coatings consisted of Cr-BCC phase, Zr-rich phase and Al₂Zr-Laves phase, and the doped Nb and Mo effectively suppress the dilution of Zr into the coatings. The microhardness of the CrAlX coatings is significantly higher than that of zirconium alloy substrates. The hardness of the Mo-containing coating is the highest, reaching 916.91 HV_0.5, which is 5.1 times higher than that of the substrate. Tribological tests show that the Mo-containing coatings had the lowest coefficient of friction and wear weight loss, exhibiting the best wear resistance. Electrochemical tests show that the Mo-containing coating had the lowest corrosion current density and the highest densification and pitting resistance of the passivate film.XPS analysis revealed that the incompletely oxidized Cr element in the passivate film of the CrAlX coating may have an effect on its chemical stability. Therefore, this study provides an important theoretical basis and experimental support for the enhancement of the surface properties of zirconium alloys by laser cladding technology, especially for applications in the nuclear industry.

Key words: CrAl coating, laser cladding, zirconium alloy, passivation film, wear resistance, corrosion resistance

中图分类号:

TG174

赵佳欣, 金国, 崔秀芳, 刘昌昊, 齐萌, 吴頔. 核用锆合金表面CrAlX(X=Nb、Mo)涂层的硼锂水腐蚀特性及摩擦学性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(10): 178-190.

ZHAO Jiaxin, JIN Guo, CUI Xiufang, LIU Changhao, QI Meng WU Di. Boron-lithium Water Corrosion Characteristics and Tribological Properties of CrAIX (X=Nb, Mo) Coatings on Zirconium Alloy Surfaces for Nuclear Applications[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(10): 178-190.

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