NiTi形状记忆合金电弧熔融涂覆及微连接机理

doi:10.3901/JME.2022.02.176

机械工程学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (2): 176-184.doi: 10.3901/JME.2022.02.176

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NiTi形状记忆合金电弧熔融涂覆及微连接机理

柯文超¹, 从保强², 祁泽武², 敖三三³, 庞博文¹, 郭伟², 彭倍¹, 曾志¹

1. 电子科技大学机械与电气工程学院成都 611731;
2. 北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院北京 100191;
3. 天津大学材料科学与工程学院天津 300350

收稿日期:2021-05-06 修回日期:2021-08-18 出版日期:2022-01-20 发布日期:2022-03-19
通讯作者: 曾志(通信作者),男,1982年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为焊接结构力学及结构设计与制造。E-mail:zhizeng@uestc.edu.cn
作者简介:柯文超,男,1991年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为形状记忆合金电弧增材制造技术。E-mail:ke@std.uestc.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51775091，52075022，52175292）和四川省重点研发计划（2020ZDZX0015）资助项目。

Arc-fused Coating Process and Micro-joining Mechanism of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys

KE Wenchao¹, CONG Baoqiang², QI Zewu², AO Sansan³, PANG Bowen¹, GUO Wei², PENG Bei¹, CENG Zhi¹

1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731;
2. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191;
3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350

Received:2021-05-06 Revised:2021-08-18 Online:2022-01-20 Published:2022-03-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： NiTi形状记忆合金作为表面涂覆材料，有利于提高构件的耐磨和抗氧化性能。基于非熔化极氩弧焊（Tungsten inert gas welding，TIG）电弧熔融涂覆技术，分别采用常规直流、超高频脉冲（Ultra high-frequency pulsed，UHFP）电流两种模式，在TA1纯钛板表面沉积3层NiTi涂层。基于有限体积法，利用FLUENT建立计算流体力学（Computational fluid dynamics，CFD）仿真模型开展熔融涂覆工艺及微连接机理研究，模拟对比了两种电流模式下的熔池传热传质、NiTi熔滴过渡、熔覆涂层及微连接界面的Ni元素传输和分布规律，数值计算和试验结果吻合较好。结果表明，涂层主要由NiTi（B19'）和NiTi₂相组成，其中近等原子比的NiTi占主导地位；直流模式下涂层主要为粗糙的球状晶粒，而超高频模式下涂层为细化的树状晶粒，且超高频电流有助于熔池振动和元素均匀分布，并有效提升成形质量。

关键词: NiTi形状记忆合金, 电弧熔融涂覆, 超高频脉冲, 计算流体力学, 元素分布

Abstract: NiTi Shape memory alloys (SMAs) is one of the most promising coating materials to improve the wear and oxidation resistance of the base components. In the study, the conventional direct current and ultra high-frequency pulsed (UHFP) current were respectively utilized to deposit 3-layer NiTi-coating on TA1 pure titanium substrates with tungsten inert gas welding (TIG)arc-fused coating technology. Using FLUENT software, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model was established to analyze the coating process and micro-joining mechanism. The multiphysics, NiTi droplet transfer, Ni element transport and distribution in the micro interlayers were numerical analyzed under UHFP current compared with the direct current case. The numerical and experimental results agree well. It can be concluded that the 3-layer coatings are mainly composed of B19' NiTi martensites and NiTi₂ phases, in which NiTi with nearly equal atomic ratio is dominant. The coating of the direct current case is mainly composed of coarse globular grains, while refined into smaller dendrites once UHFP current is used. In addition, the UHFP current is beneficial to the vibration of the molten pool, which promotes the uniform distribution of Ni element and effectively improves the forming quality of the coatings.

Key words: NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs), arc-fused coating, ultra high-frequency pulsed (UHFP), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), chemical element distribution

中图分类号:

TG174

柯文超, 从保强, 祁泽武, 敖三三, 庞博文, 郭伟, 彭倍, 曾志. NiTi形状记忆合金电弧熔融涂覆及微连接机理[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(2): 176-184.

KE Wenchao, CONG Baoqiang, QI Zewu, AO Sansan, PANG Bowen, GUO Wei, PENG Bei, CENG Zhi. Arc-fused Coating Process and Micro-joining Mechanism of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(2): 176-184.

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NiTi形状记忆合金电弧熔融涂覆及微连接机理

Arc-fused Coating Process and Micro-joining Mechanism of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys

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