大气等离子喷涂Cu-Ni20Cr4B双金属防生物污损涂层的显微结构与性能

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.10.090

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对现有抗海洋生物污损涂料存在漆膜结合结强度低易剥落、硬度低抗导致涂层抗含砂高流速海水冲刷性能差的难题，以机械混合的Cu-Ni20Cr4B粉末为原料，采用大气等离子喷涂制备了两种金属层片交替分布的双金属复合涂层，利用海水中Cu层片与Ni20Cr4B层片间的原电池反应持续释放Cu²⁺，以达到长效防污的目的。研究粉末配比对涂层显微组织、力学性能及抗生物污损性能的影响规律。结果表明，复合涂层孔隙率与氧化物含量随Ni20Cr4B的增加而减小，显著低于大气等离子喷涂常规金属涂层。复合涂层的结合强度与抗石英砂料浆磨损性能随涂层中Ni20Cr4B的增加而提高，Cu与Ni20Cr4B体积比为1∶2复合涂层的结合强度达到54.2 MPa，抗石英砂浆料磨损性能约为商用丙烯酸防污涂层的16倍。Cu-Ni20Cr4B复合涂层均可稳定的释放Cu²⁺且均表现出优异的抗菌性能，与TC4钛合金相比，抗菌率可达99.3%以上。实海挂片测试结果表明，Cu-Ni20Cr4B涂层表现出优异的抗海洋生物附着性能。

关键词: 海洋生物污损, 大气等离子喷涂, Cu-Ni20Cr4B复合涂层

Abstract: The low adhesion strength and hardness of makes polymer antifouling coatings easily spalled-off when the coating served in high-flow sea water containing sand grits. In the present work, Cu-Ni20Cr4B composite coatings are prepared by atmospheric plasma spray(APS) with mechanically mixed Cu-Ni20Cr4B feedstock powders. Antifouling is attempted to be realized by the galvanic interaction between Cu and Ni20Cr4B splats in seawater which releases Cu²⁺continuously. Effect of the Cu to Ni20Cr4B ratio on microstructure, mechanical properties and antifouling performance is investigated. Results show that the porosity and oxide content of the composite coating decreases with the increase of Ni20Cr4B, significantly lower than those of APS conventional metal coatings. The bonding strength and quartz sand slurry wear resistance of the composite coating increases with the increase of Ni20Cr4B in the coating. The bonding strength of the composite coating with Cu to Ni20Cr4B volume ratio of 1∶2 reaches 54.2 MPa, and the quartz sand slurry wear resistance is about 16 times that of commercial acrylic antfouling coatings. The Cu-Ni20Cr4B composite coating can stably release Cu²⁺ and exhibit excellent antibacterial properties. Compared with TC4 titanium alloy, the antibacterial rate can reach over 99.3%. The results of the actual sea hanging test show that the Cu-Ni20Cr4B coating exhibits excellent anti marine biological adhesion performance.

Key words: marine fouling, atmospheric plasma spraying, Cu-Ni20Cr4B composite coating

中图分类号:

TG174

雒晓涛, 张国栋, 甘雨禾, 许康威, 姚建洮, 陈令杰, 李长久. 大气等离子喷涂Cu-Ni20Cr4B双金属防生物污损涂层的显微结构与性能[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(10): 90-99.

LUO Xiaotao, ZHANG Guodong, GAN Yuhe, XU Kangwei, YAO Jiantao, CHEN Lingjie, LI Changjiu. Microstructure and Properties of Cu-Ni20Cr4B Antifouling Coating Prepared by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(10): 90-99.

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