气-磁-金属复合的大承载三向准零刚度减振器设计

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.05.050

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 提出了一种气-磁-金属复合的大承载三向准零刚度减振器，通过吨级承载的空气静压止推气浮支承配合可调片弹簧机构实现水平向准零刚度，通过高线性环形磁负刚度机构与金属弹簧并联实现垂向准零刚度。基于数值模拟方法分析止推气浮支承节流器结构参数和工作参数对承载力和刚度的影响规律，并进行优化设计；基于磁荷法建立多层环形磁负刚度计算模型，分析磁体结构参数对负刚度大小和线性度的影响规律并进行优化设计。研制了气-磁-金属复合的大承载三向准零刚度减振器样机，并搭建单元测试平台分别验证气浮支承的吨级承载能力和磁负刚度机构与金属弹簧并联的准零刚度特性。测试结果表明，研制的气浮支承机构承载力大于1 200 kg，承载力计算与实验误差小于5%；垂向磁负刚度理论计算与实验误差小于7%，垂向准零刚度部件综合刚度20.3 N/mm，均满足设计要求。所提出的减振器可实现吨级承载和三向准零刚度，适用于六自由度超低频减振。

关键词: 空气静压支承, 承载力, 负刚度, 准零刚度, 减振

Abstract: A three directional(3D) quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator with high payload capacity via combination of gas-magnetic-metal springs is proposed. The horizontal quasi-zero stiffness is achieved through a tonnage load thrust aerostatic bearing combined with an adjustable leaf spring mechanism. The vertical quasi-zero stiffness is achieved through a high linear annular magnetic negative stiffness mechanism in parallel with the metal spring. Based on the numerical simulation method, the influence of structural and working parameters on the load capacity and stiffness of aerostatic bearing is analyzed, and the optimal design is carried out. Based on the magnetic charge method, a calculation model of negative stiffness is established to analyze the influence of structural parameters of magnets on the magnitude and linearity of negative stiffness and optimize the design. A prototype of high payload 3D quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator consists of gas-magnetic-metal spring is developed, and a unit test platform is built to verify the tonnage bearing capacity of the aerostatic bearing and the quasi-zero stiffness characteristics of the magnetic negative stiffness mechanism in parallel with the metal spring. The test results show that the load capacity of the developed aerostatic bearing mechanism is greater than 1 200 kg, and the error between the calculation and experimental measurement of load capacity is less than 5%. The error between theoretical and experimental results of the vertical negative magnetic stiffness is less than 7%, and the comprehensive stiffness of the vertical quasi-zero stiffness component is 20.3 N /mm. All indicators meet the design requirements. The proposed vibration isolator can realize tonnage load and 3D quasi-zero stiffness, and is suitable for ultra-low frequency vibration isolation with six degrees of freedom.

Key words: aerostatic bearing, payload capacity, negative stiffness, quasi-zero stiffness, vibration isolation

中图分类号:

TB535

周一帆, 高瑞齐, 吴明凯, 吴九林, 陈学东, 姜伟. 气-磁-金属复合的大承载三向准零刚度减振器设计[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(5): 50-61.

ZHOU Yifan, GAO Ruiqi, WU Mingkai, WU Jiulin, CHEN Xuedong, JIANG Wei. Design of 3D Quasi-zero Stiffness Vibration Isolator with High Payload Capacity via Combination of Gas-magnetic-metal Springs[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(5): 50-61.

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