基于线路实测载荷的转向架构架台架试验方法研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.14.213

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以高速列车转向架构架为研究对象，线路试验获取了转向架轴箱弹簧载荷和一系减振器载荷时程曲线，分析列车进出站、不同速度等级、载荷作用频率对弹簧载荷和一系减振器载荷的影响规律及载荷差异性。采用准静态加载台架试验得到弹簧载荷、一系减振器载荷与构架端部疲劳关键区域应力之间的传递关系，结合线路实测载荷计算得到应力响应曲线，进而获取构架在弹簧载荷、一系减振器载荷及两种载荷耦合作用下的疲劳损伤值。据疲劳损伤一致性理论计算车辆设计寿命里程下构架的弹簧等效载荷和一系减振器等效载荷，并建立基于等效载荷的疲劳损伤计算公式，确定弹簧等效载荷和一系减振器等效载荷的幅值大小及相位关系，最后形成了基于线路实测载荷的构架台架试验方法。研究表明，列车进出站时轴箱弹簧载荷出现较大的载荷波动，最大波动范围为17.48 kN，一系减振器载荷对低频位移响应不敏感；在相同线路条件下，随着列车运营速度的增大，轴箱弹簧载荷和一系减振器载荷均呈现增大趋势，其载荷作用频率主要分布在0～60 Hz范围内；同时在该频带内，随着载荷作用频率的增大，两种载荷间相位差不断减小，该变化规律与减振器动态特性有关。计算得到构架端部在弹簧载荷、一系减振器载荷及耦合载荷作用下的疲劳损伤分别为0.014、0.011、0.061，进而得到弹簧等效载荷和一系减振器等效载荷分别为7.54 kN、4.51 kN；当一系减振器等效载荷相位超前于弹簧等效载荷约60°时，构架疲劳损伤与线路实测疲劳损伤值相同，则在构架台架试验时两种等效载荷间相位差可选取40°～60°。

关键词: 转向架构架, 轴箱弹簧, 一系减振器, 等效载荷, 疲劳损伤

Abstract: Taking the bogie frame of the high-speed train as the research object, the time history curve of the axle box spring load and the primary shock absorber load of the bogie is obtained through the line test, and the influence law and the load difference of the train entering and leaving the station, different speed levels, and load frequency on the spring load and the primary shock absorber load is analyzed. The load stress transfer relationship between the spring load, the primary shock absorber load and the fatigue danger point of the end structure of the frame is obtained by using quasi-static loading bench test. The stress response curve is obtained by combining the actual line load calculation, and then the fatigue damage value of the frame under the spring load, the primary shock absorber load and the coupling of the two loads is obtained. According to the fatigue damage consistency theory, calculate the spring equivalent load and the primary shock absorber equivalent load of the frame under the vehicle design mileage, establish the fatigue damage calculation formula based on the equivalent load, determine the phase relationship between the spring equivalent load and the primary shock absorber equivalent load, and finally form the frame bench test method based on the measured line load. The research shows that the axle box spring load fluctuates greatly when the train entering and leaving the station, the maximum fluctuation range is 17.48 kN, and the primary shock absorber load is not sensitive to the low-frequency displacement response; With the increase of train operation speed, the axle box spring load and primary shock absorber load show an increasing trend, and the load frequency is mainly distributed in the range of 0-60 Hz; At the same time, the phase difference between the two loads decreases with the increase of load frequency in this frequency band, which is related to the dynamic characteristics of the shock absorber. It is calculated that the fatigue damage of the frame end under spring load, primary shock absorber load and coupling load is 0.014, 0.011 and 0.061 respectively. Based on the fatigue damage consistency criterion, the spring equivalent load and primary shock absorber equivalent load are 7.54 kN and 4.51 kN respectively; When the phase of the primary shock absorber equivalent load is about 60 ° ahead of the spring equivalent load, the fatigue damage of the frame is the same as the measured fatigue damage of the line. Then the phase difference between the two equivalent loads can be 40 °-60 ° during the frame bench test.

Key words: bogie frame, axle box spring, primary shock absorber, equivalent load, fatigue damage

中图分类号:

U461

陶桂东, 王文静, 冯永华, 李广全. 基于线路实测载荷的转向架构架台架试验方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(14): 213-221.

TAO Guidong, WANG Wenjing, FENG Yonghua, LI Guangquan. Research on Bench Test Method for Bogie Frame Based on Measured Line Load[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(14): 213-221.

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