钎焊金刚石研究进展及其工具的应用

doi:10.3901/JME.2022.04.080

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 现有的钎焊金刚石方法无法避免金刚石石墨化以及高温热损伤，因此基于金刚石/钎焊合金界面润湿性、金刚石钎焊机理、钎焊金刚石方法，综合分析影响钎焊金刚石性能的主要因素，并概括总结国内外单层和多层钎焊金刚石工具的研究成果。详细论述钎料合金成分、钎焊温度、保温时间、钎焊气氛以及表面金属化等因素对钎焊金刚石的影响。各因素不但影响钎料合金/金刚石界面相互作用(包括界面润湿、界面化学反应、界面微观结构、金刚石热损伤等)，而且会引起残余热应力的产生，进而影响焊接接头的质量。如钎料合金中的活性元素在界面处相互扩散并形成化合物是金刚石与基体以及钎料合金实现高强度连接的关键；适宜的钎焊温度以及恰当的保温时间不但会使界面结合力增强，降低界面残余应力，还能减少反应界面微观孔洞、疏松等缺陷的形成；采用真空或保护气氛环境，可以降低金刚石的氧化和石墨化程度。通过现阶段钎焊金刚石工具的发展现状，结合社会生产现实需要，对其发展方向和未来要克服的难题进行展望。

关键词: 金刚石, 润湿性, 钎焊方法, 钎料合金

Abstract: The existing methods of brazing diamond cannot avoid diamond graphitization and high temperature thermal damage, so the wettability between diamond and brazing alloy interface, brazing mechanism and brazing method of diamond were discussed. The main factors affecting the performance of brazing diamond were analyzed comprehensively, and achievements in the single-layer and multi-layer brazing diamond tools at home and abroad were summarized. The influences of alloy composition, brazing temperature, holding time, brazing atmosphere and surface metallization on the properties of brazing diamond were discussed in detail. These factors not only effect interface interaction between brazing alloy and diamond (including interface wetting, interface chemical reaction, interface microstructure, thermal damage of diamond, etc.) but also cause residual thermal stress and impact the quality of the brazing joint. For instances, the compounds formed by reaction between active elements and diamond was a key to high bonding strength between diamond and matrix. Appropriate brazing temperature and holding time could not only enhance the interfacial bonding strength, depress interfacial residual thermal stress, but also reduce the formation of microscopic pores, porosity and other interface defects. Using a vacuum environment or protective atmosphere could reduce the oxidation and graphitization of diamond. The development direction and problems that need to be solved in the future were forecasted combining the current development status of brazing diamond tools and the actual needs of social production.

Key words: diamond, wettability, brazing method, brazing alloy

中图分类号:

TG156

毛雅梅, 黑鸿君, 高洁, 郑可, 于盛旺, 王垚. 钎焊金刚石研究进展及其工具的应用[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(4): 80-93.

MAO Yamei, HEI Hongjun, GAO Jie, ZHENG Ke, YU Shengwang, WANG Yao. Research Progress of Brazing Diamond and Application of Tools[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(4): 80-93.

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