基于芯棒挤压力的孔的冷挤压最优干涉量确定新方法

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.24.129

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (24): 129-138.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.24.129

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇

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基于芯棒挤压力的孔的冷挤压最优干涉量确定新方法

闫五柱¹, 王耀伟¹, 李振², 陈西锋², 王星³, 张志远⁴

1. 西北工业大学力学与土木建筑学院西安 710129;
2. 航空工业第一飞机设计研究院结构设计所西安 710089;
3. 航空工业沈阳飞机工业集团有限公司创新研究院沈阳 110031;
4. 西安机电信息技术研究所西安 710065

收稿日期:2025-02-02 修回日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2026-01-26
作者简介:闫五柱(通信作者)，男，1985年出生，博士，副教授。主要研究方向为材料与结构的疲劳及表面强化、高温材料力学行为、增材制造数字模拟及力学性能。E-mail：yanwuzhu@nwpu.edu.cn
王耀伟，男，1996年出生。主要研究方向为材料与结构的疲劳及表面强化。E-mail：wangyaowei@mail.nwpu.edu.cn
李振，男，1986年出生，高级工程师。主要研究方向为翼吊发动机短舱吊挂结构设计、大涵道比涡扇发动机短舱结构功能一体化设计、短舱消声降噪技术、大型主承载结构增材制造技术。E-mail：liz125@avic.com
陈西锋，男，1978年出生，研究员。主要研究方向为飞机结构设计和分析。E-mail：jinfng@126.com
王星，女，1993年出生，工程师。主要研究方向为飞机结构强度设计。E-mail：wangx6801@126.com
张志远，男，1986年出生，副研究员。主要研究方向为引信关键力学基础。E-mail：drzhangzy@126.com
基金资助:
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2024JC-YBMS-052)。

New Method of Determining the Optimal Interference Level in Cold Expansion of Holes Based on Mandrel Extrusion Force

YAN Wuzhu¹, WANG Yaowei¹, LI Zhen², CHEN Xifeng², WANG Xing³, ZHANG Zhiyuan⁴

1. School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129;
2. Department of Structure Design, AVIC The First Aircraft Institute, Xi'an 710089;
3. Innovation Research Institute of Shenyang Aircraft Industry Group Co. Ltd. Shenyang 110031;
4. Xi'an Institute of Electromechanical Information Technology, Xi'an 710065

Received:2025-02-02 Revised:2025-08-25 Published:2026-01-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 孔的冷挤压工艺广泛应用于航空、铁路、汽车等领域用以提高紧固孔的疲劳寿命，其强化机理是通过在孔边引入周向残余压应力从而降低孔周交变应力均值。针对目前冷挤压最优干涉量确定方法成本高、耗时长、可操作性差、误差大等的问题，提出一种基于芯棒挤压力快速确定最优干涉量的新方法。为达到上述目的，采用厚壁圆筒力学模型推导了芯棒挤压力与孔周残余应力的关系，通过采用锥形芯棒配合带斜度开缝衬套来获得连续的挤压力-干涉量曲线，提出采用挤压力-干涉量曲线的斜率改变量作为确定最优干涉量的参量。为了验证上述方法的有效性，建立了3种不同规格的AL-7050含孔工件冷挤压有限元模型，采用本文提出的方法预测了不同规格孔的冷挤压最优干涉量，与相关试验数据吻合较好。该方法可以用于不同孔径、边距比及厚度孔的冷挤压最优干涉量的快速确定。

关键词: 孔, 冷挤压, 残余应力, 挤压力, 干涉量

Abstract: The cold expansion process of holes has been widely used in aviation, railways, automobiles and other fields to im-prove the fatigue life of fastening holes. The strengthening mechanism of cold expansion is to introduce circumferential residual compressive stress to reduce the average alternating stress around the hole. In order to overcome the short-comings of present method in determining the optimal interference level, such as high cost, time consuming, poor operability, and large errors, the present work proposed a new method based on the mandrel extrusion force to determine the optimal interference level. To achieve the above objectives, the present work employed a thick walled cylindrical mechanical model to build the relationship between the extrusion force of the mandrel and the residual stress around the hole. By using a conical mandrel combined with a slotted bush with a slope, a continuous extrusion force-interference level curve was obtained, and the reduction amount of slope of the extrusion force-interference level curve was proposed as a parameter to determine the optimal interference level. In order to verify the effectiveness of the above method, three cold expansion finite element models of AL-7050 holes with different specifications were established. The predicted optimal interference level of cold expansion of holes with different specifications agreed well with relevant experimental data. The present work provided a simple, fast and effective method of determing the optimal interference level of cold expansion holes with different specifications.

Key words: holes, cold expansion, residual stress, extrusion force, interference level

中图分类号:

V261

闫五柱, 王耀伟, 李振, 陈西锋, 王星, 张志远. 基于芯棒挤压力的孔的冷挤压最优干涉量确定新方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(24): 129-138.

YAN Wuzhu, WANG Yaowei, LI Zhen, CHEN Xifeng, WANG Xing, ZHANG Zhiyuan. New Method of Determining the Optimal Interference Level in Cold Expansion of Holes Based on Mandrel Extrusion Force[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(24): 129-138.

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基于芯棒挤压力的孔的冷挤压最优干涉量确定新方法

New Method of Determining the Optimal Interference Level in Cold Expansion of Holes Based on Mandrel Extrusion Force

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