5356铝合金增减材混合制造的组织与性能

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.24.118

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (24): 118-128.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.24.118

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇

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5356铝合金增减材混合制造的组织与性能

宋世达¹, 钱美霞¹, 郭一鸣², 章晓勇¹, 王克鸿¹

1. 南京理工大学材料科学与工程学院南京 210094;
2. 南京理工大学机械工程学院南京 210094

收稿日期:2025-01-11 修回日期:2025-08-02 发布日期:2026-01-26
作者简介:宋世达，男，1994年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为电弧增材制造。E-mail：756556885@qq.com
郭一鸣(通信作者)，男，1993年出生，博士，讲师。主要研究方向为电弧增材制造、缺陷诊断和深度学习。E-mail：ymguo@njust.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52305381);江苏省自然科学基金青年(BK20210351);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(30923011008)资助项目。

Microstructure and Properties of 5356 Aluminum Alloy by Additive and Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing

SONG Shida¹, QIAN Meixia¹, GUO Yiming², ZHANG Xiaoyong¹, WANG Kehong¹

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094;
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094

Received:2025-01-11 Revised:2025-08-02 Published:2026-01-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，面对迫切提升增材制造复杂构件表面精度的需求，提出了将增材制造和减材制造结合在同一台设备内的增减材混合制造技术。采用电弧送丝增材制造和减材制造相混合的增减材混合制造方法制备了5356铝合金的薄壁样件，对其显微组织及静动态力学性能进行了一系列的检测与分析，并与电弧送丝增材制造方法进行了对比。结果表明，二者的显微组织为α相(Al)基体和在其晶界析出的β相(Al₃Mg₂)，并由细小的柱状晶和等轴晶组成，晶粒尺寸的大小分别为71.81 μm和62.05 μm。二者的准静态力学性能相当，垂直于沉积方向(水平)均优于平行于沉积方向(竖直)，并且随着应变速率的增大，屈服应力和流动应力不断增大，表现出明显的应变速率强化效应，且水平方向也表现出优于竖直方向的动态力学性能。当应变速率为3 800 s^-1时，增减材混合制造方法下水平方向的屈服应力和流动应力分别为185 MPa和615 MPa，为准静态应变下的1.5倍和2.3倍。最后，采用增减材混合制造方法成功制备了一个5356铝合金复杂筒体结构，表面粗糙度保持在亚微米级别，验证了该方法在制备5356铝合金复杂构件时的可行性，并且积累了相关的试验数据，为未来制备其他复杂构件提供了经验和指导。

关键词: 增减材混合制造, 5356铝合金, 组织与性能, 筒体结构

Abstract: In recent years, in the face of the urgent need to improve the surface accuracy of complex components in additive manufacturing, a hybrid manufacturing technology combining additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing in the same equipment is proposed. In this paper, the thin-walled sample of 5356 aluminum alloy is prepared by the hybrid manufacturing method of wire arc additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing. The microstructure and static and dynamic mechanical properties are tested and analyzed, and compared with the wire arc additive manufacturing method. The results show that the microstructures of the two are α phase (Al) matrix and β phase (Al₃Mg₂) precipitated at the grain boundary, which are composed of fine columnar grains and equiaxed grains. The grain sizes are 71.81 μm and 62.05 μm, respectively. The quasi-static mechanical properties of the two are equivalent, and the direction perpendicular to the deposition direction (horizontal) is better than the direction parallel to the deposition direction (vertical). With the increase of strain rate, the yield stress and flow stress increase continuously, showing obvious strain rate strengthening effect, and the horizontal direction also exhibits better dynamic mechanical properties than the vertical. When the strain rate is 3 800 s^-1, the yield stress and flow stress in the horizontal direction under the additive subtractive hybrid manufacturing method are 185 MPa and 615 MPa, respectively, which are 1.5 times and 2.3 times under quasi-static strain. Finally, a complex tube structure made of 5356 aluminum alloy is successfully prepared by the additive subtractive hybrid manufacturing method, maintaining a surface roughness at the sub-micron level. The feasibility of the method in manufacturing complex components made of 5356 aluminum alloy, and relevant experimental data are accumulated, providing valuable experience and guidance for the future fabrication of other complex components.

Key words: additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing, 5356 aluminum alloy, microstructures and properties, tube structure

中图分类号:

TG47

宋世达, 钱美霞, 郭一鸣, 章晓勇, 王克鸿. 5356铝合金增减材混合制造的组织与性能[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(24): 118-128.

SONG Shida, QIAN Meixia, GUO Yiming, ZHANG Xiaoyong, WANG Kehong. Microstructure and Properties of 5356 Aluminum Alloy by Additive and Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(24): 118-128.

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5356铝合金增减材混合制造的组织与性能

Microstructure and Properties of 5356 Aluminum Alloy by Additive and Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing

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