• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (6): 133-140.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.06.133

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇    

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中厚铝合金DP-VPTIG焊接深熔小孔作用机制研究

姜自昊1, 肖宏2, 曾才有1, 张权1, 杨清福1, 谢非1,3, 马康2, 王亚森2, 齐铂金1, 从保强1   

  1. 1. 北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院 北京 100191;
    2. 天津航天长征火箭制造有限公司 天津 300462;
    3. 中国核电工程有限公司 北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-01 修回日期:2024-12-19 发布日期:2025-04-14
  • 作者简介:姜自昊,男,1994年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为铝合金高效熔焊技术。E-mail:jiangzihao@buaa.edu.cn;从保强(通信作者),男,1979年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为智能化焊接与电弧增材制造。E-mail:congbq@buaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(52075022)。

Study on the Keyhole Effects in DP-VPTIG Welding of Medium-thick Aluminum Alloys

JIANG Zihao1, XIAO Hong2, ZENG Caiyou1, ZHANG Quan1, YANG Qingfu1, XIE Fei1,3, MA Kang2, WANG Yasen2, QI Bojin1, CONG Baoqiang1   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191;
    2. Tianjin Aerospace Long March Rocket Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300462;
    3. China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100084
  • Received:2024-04-01 Revised:2024-12-19 Published:2025-04-14

摘要: 双频复合脉冲变极性TIG焊通过激发动态深熔小孔实现中厚铝合金结构不开坡口、单面焊双面成形深熔焊接。深熔小孔的动态行为与形貌特征对焊缝熔深有重要影响,为探究小孔对焊缝熔深作用机制,基于高速图像采集技术采集分析小孔于低频脉冲周期、高频脉冲周期以及变极性周期内的动态演变规律;基于双频复合脉冲变极性TIG焊接特点建立焊接过程瞬态数值模型,分析小孔作用下熔池温度场与流场动态特性以及小孔与熔池的关系。结果表明,双频复合脉冲变极性TIG焊熔池随电流脉冲变化而表现出多种动态行为,低频脉冲峰值阶段熔池形成深熔小孔,使焊接热源下移以及于熔池内激发高速流体传热通道,可提高电弧向熔池底部传热的效率,进而促进熔池深度的增加,且小孔深度与熔池深度之间存在互相促进的耦合关系,进一步提升焊缝熔透程度。

关键词: 中厚铝合金结构, 脉冲调制电弧, 小孔深熔焊, 数值模拟, 焊缝成形

Abstract: Double-pulsed variable polarity TIG welding brings about deep penetration welding of medium-thick aluminum alloy structures by stimulating a keyhole in the weld pool. The dynamic behavior and morphological characteristics of the keyhole have a significant impact on the weld formation. In order to explore the effects of the keyhole on the weld penetration, the dynamic evolution law of the keyhole in various pulse cycles is obtained and analyzed by using high-speed image acquisition technology. A transient numerical model of the welding process is established based on computational fluid dynamics. The dynamic characteristics of the temperature field and flow field of the weld pool and the relationship between keyhole and the weld pool are analyzed by using this model. The research results show that the weld pool exhibits various dynamic behaviors with the pulsating current. The keyhole is formed at the low-frequency pulse peak stage, and causes the welding heat source moving downward and excites a high-speed heat transfer channel in the weld pool, which can improve the heat transfer efficiency of the arc towards weld pool bottom and promote the increase of the weld pool depth. Moreover, there is a mutual promotion relation between the depth of keyhole and weld pool, which further improves the penetration.

Key words: medium-thick aluminum alloy, pulse modulated arc, keyhole welding, numerical simulation, weld formation

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