坡口角度对SK7钢/AZ31B镁合金搭接接头成形和力学性能的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.23.262

机械工程学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (23): 262-269.doi: 10.3901/JME.2024.23.262

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坡口角度对SK7钢/AZ31B镁合金搭接接头成形和力学性能的影响

郎强, 宋刚, 刘黎明

大连理工大学辽宁省先进连接技术重点实验室大连 116024

收稿日期:2023-12-07 修回日期:2024-08-01 出版日期:2024-12-05 发布日期:2025-01-23
作者简介:郎强，男，1995年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为镁钢异种金属激光电弧复合焊接结构设计和工艺优化。E-mail：LQiang_dlut@163.com;宋刚(通信作者)，男，1978年出生，博士，教授，博士生研究导师。主要研究方向为激光诱导电弧智能焊接技术及装备、镁钢异种金属界面设计、焊轧复合成形技术。E-mail：songgang@dlut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4600900)、国家自然科学基金(U1960111)和辽宁省应用基础研究计划(2023JH2/101300157)资助项目。

Effect of Groove Angles on Forming and Mechanical Properties of SK7 Steel/AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Lap Joint

LANG Qiang, SONG Gang, LIU Liming

Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Material Welding and Joining Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024

Received:2023-12-07 Revised:2024-08-01 Online:2024-12-05 Published:2025-01-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对钢在上、镁合金在下的特殊搭接结构需求，提出了激光诱导TIG电弧复合填丝焊接工艺，填AZ61镁合金焊丝焊接SK7碳素工具钢和AZ31B镁合金，重点研究了坡口角度对焊接接头成形和力学性能的影响规律，分析了接头断裂行为与性能强化机制。结果表明，坡口的存在，改变了接头断裂模式，消除了钢侧壁冶金结合弱成为裂纹源的问题，增加了坡口处SK7/AZ61界面冶金反应面积，改善了焊丝在基体两侧的铺展。焊接接头性能随坡口角度的增加而增加，当坡口角度θ=75°时，接头线载荷达到117.36 N/mm。电弧向坡口的偏转放电转移了电弧热分布区域，保障了镁合金基体的背部完整性。作用在坡口处的激光束提高了SK7/AZ61界面的冶金反应温度，SK7/AZ61界面高温冶金反应生成的Fe₃Al IMC和AZ61/AZ31B界面的同质熔合是实现接头可靠连接的关键，而脉冲激光在坡口上形成的匙孔的锁孔效应强化了接头性能。

关键词: 激光诱导电弧复合焊, 异种金属, 搭接焊, 镁合金, 钢, 坡口, 锁孔效应

Abstract: A laser-induced TIG arc hybrid welding process with wire filling is proposed to weld carbon tool steel SK7 and magnesium alloy AZ31B with magnesium alloy AZ61 wire. The influence of groove angles on the forming and mechanical properties of the welded joint is studied, and the fracture behavior and performance strengthening mechanism of the joint are analyzed. The results show that the existence of the groove changes the fracture mode of the joint, eliminates the problem of weak metallurgical bonding of the steel side wall as the source of cracks, increases the metallurgical reaction area of the SK7/AZ61 interface at the groove, and improves the spreading of the welding wire on both sides of the matrix. The performance of the welded joint increases with the increase of the groove angle. When the groove angle is θ=75°, the linear load of the joint reaches 117.36 N/mm. The deflection discharge of the arc to the groove transfers the arc heat distribution area, and ensures the integrity of the back of the magnesium alloy matrix. The laser beam acting on the groove raises the metallurgical reaction temperature of the SK7/AZ61 interface. The homogeneous fusion of the AZ61/AZ31B interface and the Fe₃Al IMC generated by the high temperature metallurgical reaction of the SK7/AZ61 interface is the key to realize the reliable bonding of the joint, and the keyhole effect of the keyhole formed by the pulsed laser on the groove strengthens the joint performance.

Key words: laser-induced arc hybrid welding, dissimilar metal, lap welding, magnesium alloy, steel, groove, keyhole

中图分类号:

TG457

郎强, 宋刚, 刘黎明. 坡口角度对SK7钢/AZ31B镁合金搭接接头成形和力学性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(23): 262-269.

LANG Qiang, SONG Gang, LIU Liming. Effect of Groove Angles on Forming and Mechanical Properties of SK7 Steel/AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Lap Joint[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(23): 262-269.

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坡口角度对SK7钢/AZ31B镁合金搭接接头成形和力学性能的影响

Effect of Groove Angles on Forming and Mechanical Properties of SK7 Steel/AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Lap Joint

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