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机械工程学报

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 181-194.doi: 10.3901/JME.260046

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇    

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考虑剪切区非均匀硬化行为的剪切硬化模型研究

林艳丽1,2, 许恩萁1,2, 苏一博1,2, 钱泉1,2, 李悦童1,2, 何祝斌1,2   

  1. 1. 大连理工大学机械工程学院 大连 116024;
    2. 高性能精密制造全国重点实验室 大连 116024
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-11 修回日期:2025-06-21 发布日期:2026-03-02
  • 作者简介:林艳丽,女,1982年出生,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为金属薄壳的各向异性塑性本构理论、复杂薄壁构件轻量化成形及控制、智能成形及优化算法。E-mail:linyanli0616@163.com;何祝斌,男,1977年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为金属薄壳的各向异性塑性变形理论、难变形轻合金材料精密成形技术。E-mail:hezb@dlut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52075075),中央高校基本科研业务费(DUT20RC(5)031),辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”(XLYC1802065)资助项目。

Study of Shear Hardening Model Considering Non-uniform Hardening Behavior in Shear Zone

LIN Yanli1,2, XU Enqi1,2, SU Yibo1,2, QIAN Quan1,2, LI Yuetong1,2, HE Zhubin1,2   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024;
    2. State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian 116024
  • Received:2024-12-11 Revised:2025-06-21 Published:2026-03-02

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摘要： 剪切试验常用于测试金属材料在循环加载和大应变下的塑性硬化特性，但试验中端部效应和边界效应导致变形区应变不均匀，存在硬化差异，限制了其应用。基于Q890高强钢和AA2219-O铝合金的双槽剪切试验，研究了剪切变形区应变不均匀性对其屈服和塑性流动的影响；进而考虑剪切应变非均匀分布而导致的硬化差异，建立剪切应力应变分析模型；通过小孔拉伸试验与仿真分析对比，验证模型的准确性。结果表明，同一变形时刻剪切应变从剪切区边缘到中心逐渐减小，对于Q890高强钢和AA2219-O铝合金，边缘应变比中心点应变最多分别增大6.30%和12.90%；不考虑剪切应变不均匀性将造成对双拉区应力结果预测不准确，对于Q890高强钢和AA2219-O铝合金，以不同区域应变标定的屈服轨迹最大差值分别为82MPa和19 MPa，相对差值分别8.80%和32.80%；在同一应力水平下，对于Q890高强钢和AA2219-O铝合金，边缘应变比中心点应变最大分别增大26%和47%；对小孔拉伸试验颈缩区壁厚预测误差高达9%。而通过所提模型考虑剪切应变的非均匀性后将显著提高小孔拉伸试验颈缩区壁厚预测精度，颈缩区壁厚预测误差小于1%。

关键词: Q890高强钢, AA2219-O铝合金, 双槽剪切试样, 剪切试验, 非均匀硬化

Abstract: The shear test can be used to evaluate the plastic hardening characteristics of metallic materials under cyclic loading and large strain conditions. However, the existence of end and boundary effects in such tests leads to strain non-uniformity in the deformation zone, resulting in hardening discrepancies that limit the applicability of the tests. A double-groove shear test was conducted on Q890 high-strength steel and AA2219-O aluminum alloy to investigate the influence of strain non-uniformity in the shear deformation zone on yield and plastic flow. A shear stress-strain analytical model was established, considering the hardening discrepancies caused by the non-uniform strain distribution. The accuracy of the model was validated through a comparison with small-hole tensile tests and simulation analysis. The results show that the shear strain decreases gradually from the edge to the center of the shear zone at the same moment of deformation, for Q890 high-strength steel and AA2219-O aluminum alloy, the strains at the edge increases by 6.30% and 12.90%, respectively, compared with that at the center point; the inaccuracy of the prediction of the stress results of the double-tension zone will be caused by not taking the non-uniformity of shear strain into consideration, for Q890 high-strength steel and AA2219-O aluminum alloy, the maximum differences of yield trajectory calibrated by different regional strains are 82 MPa and 19 MPa, respectively, with relative differences of 8.80% and 32.80%; at the same stress level, for Q890 high-strength steel and AA2219-O aluminum alloy, the edge strains increased by up to 26% and 47% over center point strains, respectively; and the prediction error for the necking zone wall thickness of the small-hole tensile test is as high as 9%. After considering the non-uniformity of shear strain, the proposed model will significantly improve the wall thickness prediction accuracy in the necking zone of small-hole tensile test, and the wall thickness prediction error in the necking zone is less than 1%.

Key words: Q890 high-strength steel, AA2219-O aluminum alloy, double groove shear specimen, shear test, non-uniform hardening

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