焊接变形对大型薄板结构承载能力的影响研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260045

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 170-180.doi: 10.3901/JME.260045

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇

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焊接变形对大型薄板结构承载能力的影响研究

梁伟¹, 李希贤², 邓德安²

1. 重庆交通大学机电与车辆工程学院重庆 400074;
2. 重庆大学材料科学与工程学院重庆 400044

收稿日期:2024-12-10 修回日期:2025-07-12 发布日期:2026-03-02
作者简介:梁伟,女,1968年出生,博士,教授。主要从事计算焊接力学,先进制造及结构优化等方面的研究。E-mail:wliangspace@163.com;邓德安,男,1968年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要从事计算焊接力学、金属材料焊接与新工艺开发等方面的研究。E-mail:deandeng@cqu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51875063),重庆市自然科学基金面上(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1444)资助项目。

Investigation on Influence of Welding Deformation on Bearing Capacity of Large Thin-plate Structure

LIANG Wei¹, LI Xixian², DENG Dean²

1. College of Mechatronics & Automotive Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074;
2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044

Received:2024-12-10 Revised:2025-07-12 Published:2026-03-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 焊接变形不仅直接影响结构件尺寸精度、降低产品外观品质，而且还会影响焊接结构的服役能力。为了定量地研究焊接变形对薄板焊接结构承载能力的影响，基于通用有限元软件平台ABAQUS，建立了用于模拟焊接温度场、焊接变形及残余应力的热-弹-塑性有限元法，并利用该方法对典型焊接接头的固有变形进行了计算。随后，基于固有应变理论，在ABAQUS平台上开发了用于大型薄板结构焊接变形高效高精度预测的弹性有限元预测方法。该方法将焊接结构中各个典型焊接接头的固有变形转化为相应的固有应变分量，并进行弹性有限元分析，估算出整体结构的总变形。最后，对焊接变形后的结构施加压缩载荷，研究了焊接变形对承载能力的影响。研究结果表明，焊接变形会明显降低结构的弹性稳定性和承载能力。与无焊接变形的结构相比，焊接变形使结构更容易在外载荷下发生屈曲变形。

关键词: 焊接变形, 固有应变, 数值模拟, 承载能力, 焊接结构

Abstract: Welding deformation not only directly impacts the dimensional accuracy of structural components and diminishes the appearance quality of products, but also compromises the service performance of welded structures. To quantitatively investigate the influence of welding deformation on the load-bearing capacity of thin-plate welded structures, a thermal-elastic-plastic finite element method is developed using the ABAQUS software platform to simulate the welding temperature field, welding deformation, and residual stress. This method enabled the calculation of inherent deformations in typical welded joints. Subsequently, based on the theory of inherent strain, an elastic finite element prediction method for estimating welding deformation in large thin-plate structures with high efficiency and precision is established on the ABAQUS platform. In this approach, the inherent deformation of each typical welded joint within the structure is converted into corresponding inherent strain components, followed by elastic finite element analysis to estimate the overall deformation of the entire structure. Finally, compressive loads are applied to the post-welded structure to examine the impact of welding deformation on its load-bearing capacity. The findings indicate that welding deformation can significantly reduce the elastic stability and load-bearing capacity of the structure. Compared to structures without welding deformation, those with welding deformation are more susceptible to buckling under external loads.

Key words: welding deformation, inherent strain, numerical simulation, bearing capacity, welded structure

中图分类号:

TG156

梁伟, 李希贤, 邓德安. 焊接变形对大型薄板结构承载能力的影响研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(2): 170-180.

LIANG Wei, LI Xixian, DENG Dean. Investigation on Influence of Welding Deformation on Bearing Capacity of Large Thin-plate Structure[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(2): 170-180.

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焊接变形对大型薄板结构承载能力的影响研究

Investigation on Influence of Welding Deformation on Bearing Capacity of Large Thin-plate Structure

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