嵌入式阵列球体对爆炸焊接功能梯度复合板界面影响研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.24.075

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 梯度复合板结构具有良好的强韧性协同及特定功能优势，在航空航天、国防领域具有重要应用前景，异质界面性能是确保梯度复合板力学性能的关键。针对新型功能结构开发需求，探讨一种爆炸焊接法制备阵列球形夹层功能梯度复合板的技术路线。确定了爆炸焊接窗口工艺参数，并利用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法针对典型功能梯度复合板TA1/Q235钢球/Q235B的界面波成型开展机理研究，结果表明：两种含球试样力学测试结果的断口形貌均呈现韧性和准解理断裂特征；冲击韧性试验中，球突起试样裂纹沿球一侧扩展并延伸至界面层，而球不突起试样裂纹直接垂直穿过界面并延伸至覆板；试验结果和数值模拟具有良好的一致性，嵌入球形结构的顶部形成冶金结合，在中端和底部则通过挤压啮合直接结合，突出于基板平面的球形结构干扰了异质复合板界面的冶金结合；数值模拟中球后部界面上的碰撞速度和压力皆弱于球不突出基板平面结构；不平整的平面会加剧界面波的扰动，使其波幅增大，波长变长，而后重新形成稳定的界面波。

关键词: 爆炸焊接, 球形夹层, 力学性能, 界面成型, 数值模拟

Abstract: Gradient composite plate structures have excellent synergistic advantages owing to their strength and toughness and have important application prospects in the fields of aerospace and national defense. The bonding interface performance is key to ensuring the mechanical properties of functional-gradient composite plates. In response to the demand for new functional structural materials, a technical approach for preparing functional-gradient composite plates with a sphere-array interlayer using explosive welding is explored. The static and dynamic parameters used in explosive welding process are within the welding window. The mechanism of wavy interface formation for a typical TA1/Q235 steel balls/Q235B functional-gradient composite plate is studied by combining experiment and numerical simulation methods. The fracture surfaces of the specimens, including the spheres, in the two types of mechanical tests exhibit ductile and quasi-cleavage fracturing. In impact toughness tests, the crack propagation direction extends directly towards the bonding interface in specimens with spheres protruding above the base plate; however, it extends perpendicularly through the interface and then into the flyer plate in specimens with non-protruding spheres. The experimental results and numerical simulation are in good agreement. A metallurgical bonding is formed on the top of the embedded spherical structure, and the middle and bottom of it are bonded by direct extrusion. The spherical structure protruding from the base plane hinders the bonding of the composite plate. In numerical simulation, the physical characteristics values of structure with spheres protruding at the interface after the spheres, such as collision velocity and pressure, are weaker than those of a structure with non-protruding spheres. The uneven plane aggravates the disturbance of the wavy interface, causing an increase in wavy amplitude and elongation of wavelength, and then a stable wavy interface will be re-formed.

Key words: explosive welding, sphere-array interlayer, mechanical properties, interface formation, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TG156

陈伟, 黄风雷, 曾智恒, 皮爱国. 嵌入式阵列球体对爆炸焊接功能梯度复合板界面影响研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(24): 75-87.

CHEN Wei, HUANG Fenglei, ZENG Zhiheng, PI Aiguo. Study on the Influence of Embedded Sphere-Array on the Interface of Functional-Gradient Composite Plates Prepared Using Explosive Welding[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(24): 75-87.

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