金刚石压头超声辅助划擦定向凝固镍基高温合金材料去除行为研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 定向凝固镍基高温合金消除了横向晶界，使材料的承温能力大幅提升，应用于航空发动机涡轮叶片的制造。但该合金可加工性较差且力学性能为各向异性，导致磨削加工后的表面质量难以保证。针对存在的问题，采用超声辅助划擦加工试验研究定向凝固镍基高温合金材料的去除行为，分析材料各向异性以及超声作用对划擦力、材料去除量和表面质量的影响。研究结果表明，材料方向对划擦力有显著影响，在材料横面和纵面分别进行划擦加工时，横面划擦力较纵面划擦力小23%；同时，超声辅助划擦力的平均值较普通划擦力降低37%；材料方向影响划擦加工材料去除量，在横面划擦时，材料去除量较低，在纵面纵向划擦时，材料去除量最大，超声辅助划擦材料去除量较普通划擦的大；划擦加工表面存在卷起、碎屑等加工质量缺陷，材料纵面纵向划擦时表面缺陷少，表面粗糙度小，是材料划擦的最佳方向，超声辅助划擦加工表面比普通划擦表面的缺陷少。研究结果为定向凝固镍基高温合金的高质量加工提供了新方法。

关键词: 定向凝固镍基高温合金, 各向异性, 超声辅助划擦, 材料去除行为

Abstract: Directionally solidified nickel-based superalloy without the transverse grain boundary can be used in the manufacture of aero-engine turbine blades because the temperature-bearing capacity of the material is greatly improved. However, the alloy has poor machinability and anisotropic mechanical properties, making it difficult to guarantee the surface quality after grinding. Ultrasonic-assisted scratching experiments are conducted to investigate the removal behavior of directionally solidified nickel-based superalloy material. The impacts of material anisotropy and ultrasonic action on the scratching force, material removal, and surface quality are analyzed. The results indicate that the material direction exerts a remarkable influence on the scratching force. When the transverse and longitudinal surfaces of the material are scratched respectively, the transverse scratching force is 23% lower than the longitudinal scratching force. Meanwhile, the mean value of the ultrasonic-assisted scratching force is 37% lower than that of the convention scratching force. The material direction significantly impacts the amount of material removal. The amount of material removed is lower on the transverse surface, reaching its maximum on the longitudinal surface. Moreover, the amount of material removed through the ultrasonic-assisted scratching is greater than that during the convention scratching. The scratch-machined surface exhibits defects such as rolling and debris. The longitudinal surface of the material has fewer surface defects and a smaller surface roughness when scratched, making it the optimal material direction for material scratching. Additionally, the surface defects of ultrasonic-assisted scratch-machined surfaces are fewer than those of convention scratch-machined surfaces. The findings offer a novel approach for the high-quality processing of directionally solidified nickel-based superalloy.

Key words: directionally solidified nickel-based superalloy, anisotropy, ultrasound-assisted scratching, material removal behavior

中图分类号:

TG156

朱平忠, 朱祥龙, 张晶, 徐念伟, 隗雨欣, 董志刚. 金刚石压头超声辅助划擦定向凝固镍基高温合金材料去除行为研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(1): 448-456.

ZHU Pingzhong, ZHU Xianglong, ZHANG Jing, XU Nianwei, WEI Yuxin, DONG Zhigang. Study on Removal Behavior of Directionally Solidified Nickel-based Superalloy with Ultrasonic Assisted Scratching of Diamond Indenter[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(1): 448-456.

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