铝合金表面电化学毛化处理及其粘接性能研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260391

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在航空航天、汽车制造及海运等领域中，粘接技术因其具有结构轻便、设计灵活、制造简单等技术优势，在铝合金、钛合金等轻金属的连接中得到广泛应用。利用电化学方法对铝合金表面进行预处理，以期获得更好粘接性能。系统研究了铝合金在不同溶液中的腐蚀特性，并进一步分析了不同电流参数对铝合金表面微观形貌及其胶接性能影响。结果表明，在NaNO₃溶液中，铝合金表面易生成疏松腐蚀层，致使其胶接强度大幅降低；而在NaCl溶液中，氯离子加速铝合金表面初始氧化膜去除，形成更为致密的新氧化层，其粗糙的微观形貌有利于增强胶接强度。特别是在5 A电流条件下，处理后的表面粗糙度达到最高值，相比未处理表面，其胶接接头的最大拉伸载荷也提升了一倍以上。此外，本研究还使用离散元方法模拟了5 A条件下，电化学预处理的粘胶接头拉伸过程中裂纹萌生及扩展过程，揭示了粘胶接头由界面失效转变为混合失效的断裂机制。最终，基于实验与仿真结果，建立了铝合金表面电化学毛化处理胶接接头的断裂机理模型。本研究为实现铝合金表面高效预处理及其高性能粘接提供一种有效的新方法。

关键词: 铝合金, 腐蚀特性, 电化学毛化处理, 胶接, 失效模型

Abstract: In fields such as aerospace and automotive manufacturing, adhesive bonding technology is widely used for connecting lightweight metals like aluminum alloys due to its technical advantages, including light structure and simple manufacturing. This paper uses an electrochemical method to texture the surface of aluminum alloy to achieve better adhesive bonding performance. The corrosion characteristics of aluminum alloys in different solutions are systematically studied, and the effects of different current parameters on the microstructure of the aluminum alloy surface and its adhesive bonding performance are further analyzed. The results show that in NaNO₃ solution, a loose corrosion layer easily forms on the aluminum alloy surface, which significantly reduces its adhesive bonding strength. In NaCl solution, chloride ions accelerate the removal of the initial oxide film on the aluminum alloy surface, forming a more compact new oxide layer. Particularly under a current of 5 A, the surface roughness reaches its highest value, and the maximum tensile load of the adhesive joint increases by more than twice compared to the untreated surface. Additionally, the discrete element method was used to simulate the crack initiation and propagation during the tensile process of the adhesive joint under the 5 A condition, revealing the fracture mechanism of the adhesive joint transitioning from interface failure to mixed-mode failure. Finally, based on the experimental and simulation results, a fracture mechanism model for the adhesive joint of aluminum alloy surface electrochemical texturing treatment is established. This research provides an effective new method for achieving efficient pre-treatment of aluminum alloy surfaces and high-performance adhesive bonding.

Key words: aluminum alloy, corrosion characteristics, electrochemical texturing treatment, adhesive bonding, failure model

中图分类号:

TG156

葛正辉, 王睿, 胡启凡, 朱永伟. 铝合金表面电化学毛化处理及其粘接性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(7): 462-477.

GE Zhenghui, WANG Rui, HU Qifan, ZHU Yongwei. Study of Electrochemical Texturing Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Surface and Its Adhesive Performance[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(7): 462-477.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260391

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I7/462

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