高镁铝合金焊接接头软化行为对焊接残余应力的影响研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260116

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在高镁铝合金焊接过程中由于热输入量大，焊接接头通常会出现软化现象。为了研究高镁铝合金焊接接头的软化机理以及软化行为对焊接残余应力的影响，对焊接接头进行显微硬度测试，焊缝区和热影响区出现了不同程度的软化，通过微观表征发现造成这种现象的主要原因是由于弥散强化和固溶强化的削弱所导致。通过分析硬度变化趋势，并结合有限元模拟焊接过程中的温度场，建立软化程度受焊接峰值温度影响的软化模型。将此软化模型应用到应力场计算中，并与盲孔法测量焊接残余应力值进行比对。结果表明，在考虑软化模型时，残余应力在焊缝区、热影响区出现不同程度的降低，与实验结果相比，考虑软化模型焊接残余应力数值更加接近实验测量值。

关键词: 高镁铝合金, 固溶强化, 弥散强化, 软化模型, 焊接残余应力, 有限元模拟

Abstract: In the high magnesium aluminum alloy welding process, due to the large heat input, welding joints often show softening phenomena. In order to study the softening mechanism of high magnesium aluminum alloy welding joints and the influence of softening behavior on welding residual stresses, microhardness tests were conducted on the welding joints, and softening of different degrees was found in the weld zone and heat-affected zone. Microscopic characterization revealed that the main reason for this phenomenon was the weakening of dispersion strengthening and solute strengthening. By analyzing the trend of hardness change and combining finite element simulation of temperature field during welding process, a softening model that is affected by welding peak temperature was established. This softening model was applied to the calculation of stress field and compared with the measured welding residual stress value by blind hole method. The results show that when considering the softening model, the residual stress in the weld zone and heat-affected zone decreases to different degrees, and the calculated welding residual stress value considering the softening model is closer to the measured value than the experimental measurement value.

Key words: high magnesium aluminum alloy, solid solution strengthening, dispersion strengthening, softening model, welding residual stress, finite element simulation

中图分类号:

TG404

郑文健, 胡铭汇, 余洋, 冯道臣, 闫德俊, 杨建国. 高镁铝合金焊接接头软化行为对焊接残余应力的影响研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(4): 180-189.

ZHENG Wenjian, HU Minghui, YU Yang, FENG Daochen, YAN Dejun, YANG Jianguo. Study on the Influence of Softening Behavior of High Magnesium Aluminum Alloy Welded Joint on Welding Residual Stress[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(4): 180-189.

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