碳纤维复合材料撕裂管的扩胀撕裂吸能特性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260115

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了改善复合材料吸能柱轴向承载稳定性并提升其材料利用率，提出一种新颖的预先开缝碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(Carbon fiber reinforced plastic, CFRP)撕裂管。采用试验和数值分析方法，充分探讨CFRP撕裂管在不同预开缝数、厚度及管径下的轴向撕裂失效行为和吸能性，试验结果验证了数值模型的准确性，并揭示其轴向撕裂吸能机理。对撕裂管失效行为与吸能性的数值研究显示，预开缝数影响了撕裂管的应力集中分布，随着预开缝的增加，多于预开缝数的起始裂纹逐渐减少且在预开缝达12时产生不均匀的撕裂瓣，导致CFRP的承载稳定性下降约50%。厚度的增加促进CFRP管的分层渐进撕裂，当厚度从1 mm增加到3 mm时使撕裂管的承载稳定性提高约60%。管径影响了CFRP管在撕裂过程中的扩胀与压碎失效，管径由80 mm减小到30 mm时促进了扩胀失效，从而使CFRP撕裂管的比吸能提高约64%。最终，预开缝数6，厚度1.5 mm，外径30 mm的参数组合使得CFRP管具有最佳的稳定性与吸能性，研究结果也为设计具有高稳定与吸能性的复合材料薄壁构件提供了一种新思路。

关键词: 碳纤维复合材料, 吸能性, 触发机构, 撕裂失效

Abstract: In order to improve the axial load-bearing stability of composite energy-absorbing columns and enhance their material utilization, a novel pre-opened-seam carbon fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP) tear tube is proposed in this paper. Experimental and numerical analyses are carried out to fully investigate the axial tearing failure behavior and energy absorption of the CFRP tear pipe with different numbers of pre-opened seams, thicknesses and diameters, and the experimental results verify the accuracy of the numerical model and reveal the axial tearing energy absorption mechanism. The numerical study of the failure behavior and energy absorption of the torn pipe shows that the number of preopening slits affects the stress concentration distribution of the torn pipe, and as the number of preopening slits increases, the number of crack initiation more than the number of preopening slits gradually decreases and produces inhomogeneous tear flaps at preopening slits of up to 12, which results in a decrease in the load-bearing stability of the CFRP by about 50%. The increase in thickness promotes progressive tearing of CFRP tubes in layers, which increases the load-bearing stability of the torn tube by about 60% when the thickness increases from 1 mm to 3 mm. Pipe diameter influenced the spreading and crushing failure of the CFRP pipe during tearing, and the reduction in pipe diameter from 80 mm to 30 mm promoted spreading failure, which resulted in an increase in the specific energy absorption of the CFRP tear pipe by about 64%. Finally, the parameter combination of 6 pre-opened slits, 1.5 mm thickness, and 30 mm outer diameter provides the best stability and energy absorption of CFRP tubes, and the results also provide a new way of thinking for the design of thin-walled composite components with high stability and energy absorption.

Key words: carbon fiber composites, energy absorption, trigger mechanism, tearing failure

中图分类号:

孔皓阅, 张勇, 洪奕元, 张志雄, 罗圭纳. 碳纤维复合材料撕裂管的扩胀撕裂吸能特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(4): 168-179.

KONG Haoyue, ZHANG Yong, HONG Yiyuan, ZHANG Zhixiong, LUO Guina. Study on Expansion Tearing Energy Absorption Characteristics of Carbon Fiber Composite Tearing Tube[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(4): 168-179.

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