关键词: 焊接变形控制, 焊接残余应力控制, 随焊冷却氩气激冷, 数值模拟, 铝合金/钢

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of residual stress and deformation in welding of Al/steel dissimilar metal sheet, the technology of welding with trailing cooling argon gas is proposed. The finite element model of dissimilar metal welding of Al/steel is established, the control effect of different cooling distance on residual stress and deformation is studied by simulation, and the mechanism of controlling welding deformation and residual stress with the technology of welding with trailing cooling is discussed. At the same time, the welding temperature field, residual stress and deformation of Al/steel dissimilar metal brazing test are carried out to verify the accuracy of the model. The results show that, when the optimum cooling distance (d=10 mm) is used, the peak value of longitudinal residual tensile stress and residual compressive stress decreased by 42.1% and 74.4%, and the peak value of transverse residual tensile stress and residual compressive stress decreased by 11.3% and 14.4%, and the welding deformation of the outer edge of the aluminum plate and the steel plate is reduced by 67.9% and 69.5%. The theoretical and experimental results show that the residual stress and deformation of Al/steel sheet can be effectively controlled by the technology of welding with trailing cooling argon gas.

Key words: control of welding distortion, control of welding residual stress, welding with trailing cooling of argon gas, numerical simulation, aluminum alloy/steel