面向空间极端环境的聚醚醚酮及其复合材料真空3D打印工艺机理与性能

doi:10.3901/JME.260085

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 聚醚醚酮及其复合材料具有优异的空间环境适应性，在太空3D打印领域应用潜力巨大，而实现太空3D打印的关键是解决空间极端环境条件，特别是高真空环境带来的挑战。本研究开展聚醚醚酮(Polyether ether ketone，PEEK)及其短切碳纤维增强复合材料(SCF/PEEK)真空3D打印研究，揭示了真空抑制散热与微孔热膨胀传热传质机理对力学性能的影响规律。真空辐射散热主导，降低熔体凝固速率，改善了分子取向运动与层间扩散，使得真空PEEK与SCF/PEEK的结晶度分别由常压的14.9%与25.2%增加到27.8%与30.5%，Z向拉伸强度较常压分别提升了212.5%与295.9%。然而，SCF/PEEK丝材存在较多的原始微小孔隙，在真空压差驱动下生长膨胀，导致孔隙率增加，真空纵向与横向拉伸性能下降，而PEEK丝材孔隙少，熔体在真空缓热作用下充分流动，使得孔隙率降低，真空纵向与横向拉伸性能获得提升。该研究能够为太空3D打印在轨验证提供理论指导，对于实现空间构件的在轨原位制造具有重要意义。

关键词: 真空3D打印, 聚醚醚酮及其复合材料, 传热传质机理, 微观结构, 力学性能

Abstract: Polyether ether ketone and its composites exhibit excellent adaptability to space environments, demonstrating significant potential for in-space 3D printing applications. The key to conducting in-space 3D printing lies in addressing the challenges posed by space extreme environment conditions, particularly the high-vacuum environment. This study investigated vacuum 3D printing of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and its short carbon fiber-reinforced composite (SCF/PEEK), revealing the influence of vacuum-induced heat and mass transfer mechanisms including heat dissipation suppression and micro pore thermal expansion on mechanical properties. Dominated by radiative heat dissipation in vacuum, the reduced melt solidification rate enhanced molecular orientation motion and interlayer diffusion, increasing the crystallinity of vacuum-printed PEEK and SCF/PEEK from 14.9% and 25.2% for ambient pressure to 27.8% and 30.5%, respectively. Consequently, the Z-direction tensile strength improved by 212.5% and 295.9% compared to ambient conditions. However, the SCF/PEEK filament contained many inherent micro pores that expanded under the drive of vacuum pressure difference, increasing porosity and reducing longitudinal and transverse tensile performance. In contrast, PEEK filament, with fewer initial voids, benefitted from enhanced melt flow under vacuum’s slower heat dissipation, reducing porosity and improving both longitudinal and transverse tensile properties. This research provided theoretical guidance for on-orbit validation of in-space 3D printing, contributing significantly to the in-situ manufacturing of space structures.

Key words: vacuum 3D printing, PEEK and composites, heat and mass transfer mechanisms, microstructure, performance

中图分类号:

刘腾飞, 杨腾锐, 田小永, 吴玲玲, 李涤尘. 面向空间极端环境的聚醚醚酮及其复合材料真空3D打印工艺机理与性能[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(3): 271-281.

LIU Tengfei, YANG Tengrui, TIAN Xiaoyong, WU Lingling, LI Dichen. Vacuum 3D Printing Process Mechanism and Performance of Polyether Ether Ketone and Composites for Space Extreme Environments[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(3): 271-281.

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