压差对高速开关阀噪声影响的仿真与试验分析

doi:10.3901/JME.260509

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高速开关阀作为一种新型数字液压阀，具有响应速度快、能耗低等优点，但由于振动噪声较大且受不同压差影响显著，限制了其进一步的应用和发展。通过揭示压差对高速开关阀噪声的影响规律，可为后续低噪声结构设计提供了理论支撑。分析高速开关阀在电-磁-流-固耦合作用下的运动特性，建立其动力学模型，并结合试验与仿真，得出流体对高速开关阀噪声的影响机制：一方面，流体对阀芯运动的阻碍减弱了机械噪声，当压差小于等于3 MPa时，流体对机械噪声的抑制显著；另一方面，随着压差增大，流体压力冲击增强，导致显著的流致噪声，使总噪声先减小后增大。在低压差下，流体噪声以中频段(400～1 600 Hz)为主，而高压差下中频和高频噪声同时增多，阀腔内的流体紊乱进一步加剧高频噪声的产生。

关键词: 高速开关阀, 噪声, 试验, 压差, 压力冲击

Abstract: The high-speed switching valve, as a new type of digital hydraulic component, is characterized by fast response and low energy consumption. However, its application is restricted by severe vibration noise and the considerable influence of differential pressure. To clarify the influence of differential pressure on the noise characteristics of high-speed switching valves and provide theoretical support for low-noise structural design, the motion behavior of the valve under electro-magnetic-fluid-solid coupling is analyzed, and a dynamic model is established. Through combined experimental and numerical studies, the fluid-induced noise mechanism is revealed. Fluid resistance to spool motion effectively attenuates mechanical noise, especially when the differential pressure is less than or equal to 3 MPa. With increasing differential pressure, intensified fluid pressure shocks give rise to prominent hydrodynamic noise, causing the overall noise level to first decrease and then increase. At low differential pressure, fluid noise mainly occupies the mid-frequency range (400-1 600 Hz), whereas under high differential pressure, both mid- and high-frequency components increase simultaneously. Additionally, fluid turbulence within the valve cavity further intensifies high-frequency noise generation.

Key words: high-speed switching valves, noises, experimentation, dropout voltage, pressure impact

中图分类号:

TH137

黄惠, 雷振文, 陈绍荣, 李雨铮, 苏俊收. 压差对高速开关阀噪声影响的仿真与试验分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(10): 425-436.

HUANG Hui, LEI Zhenwen, CHEN Shaorong, LI Yuzheng, SU Junshou. Simulation and Experimental Analysis of the Effect of Differential Pressure on the Noise of High-speed Switching Valves[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(10): 425-436.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I10/425

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