天窗风振噪声中气动能和声能的分布特性分析

doi:10.3901/JME.260196

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由于风振噪声中的声能和气动能是强耦合的关系，而驾乘人员对两种能量的主观感受不一致，控制方法也不同；再加上湍流中有强烈的随机脉动速度，这些脉动会遮盖与汽车风振噪声密切相关的速度场特性。因此，有必要引入波数分解法(Wavenumber frequency spectrum separation, WFS)来解耦风振噪声中的声能和气动能，以便更深入地探究这两种能量在乘员舱内外的能量特性。首先，利用风洞试验验证了天窗风振噪声的数值模拟精度。然后，利用传统流场分析方法探究天窗风振噪声的流场特性。发现流场中存在丰富的随机脉动速度，这会遮盖与风振噪声密切相关的潜在速度场特性。因此，引入WFS来解耦这两种能量，并在一维和二维波数谱中进一步探究这两种能量的特性。结果表明：当天窗风振噪声发生时，在天窗处，湍流中的声能和气动能都在频率f = 15.15 Hz(风振噪声的一阶共振频率)处共振，而在乘员舱内，只有声能发生共振。另外，在f = 15.15 Hz处，乘员舱内的声能远大于气动能，大20.26 dB，即，乘员舱内的压力脉动可以反映声能的空间分布特性。然而，天窗处的则不能，这是因为声能和气动能峰值相差仅有7.48 dB。

关键词: 天窗风振噪声, 气动能, 声能, 波数解耦, 分布特性

Abstract: Due to the strong coupling relationship between acoustic energy and aerodynamic energy in wind buffeting noise and the inconsistent subjective perception of these two energies by passengers, different control methods are required. Additionally, in turbulent flow, there are intense random pulsating velocities, which can mask the flow characteristics of pulsating velocities closely related to automotive wind buffeting noise. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the Wavenumber Frequency Spectrum Separation (WFS) to decouple the acoustic energy and aerodynamic energy in wind buffeting noise in order to further explore the energy characteristics of these two types. First, wind tunnel tests were carried out to verify the accuracy of numerical simulations. Then, traditional flow field analysis was used to explore the flow characteristics of sunroof wind buffeting noise. It was found that the flow field exhibited rich random velocity pulsations, which could mask the potential characteristics of pulsating velocities closely related to wind buffeting noise. Therefore, WFS was introduced to decouple these two energies, and their characteristics were further analyzed in one-dimensional and two-dimensional wavenumber spectra. The results showed that when sunroof wind buffeting noise occurred, both the acoustic energy and aerodynamic energy at the sunroof resonated at f = 15.15 Hz, which is the first-order resonance frequency of wind buffeting noise. Inside the passenger compartment, only the acoustic energy resonated at f = 15.15 Hz. Furthermore, at f = 15.15 Hz, the acoustic energy inside the passenger compartment was much higher than the aerodynamic energy, with a difference of 20.26 dB. This indicates that the pressure pulsations inside the passenger compartment can reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of acoustic energy. However, this is not the case at the sunroof, as the peak difference between the acoustic energy and the aerodynamic energy is only 7.48 dB.

Key words: sunroof wind buffeting noise, aerodynamic energy, acoustic energy, wavenumber decoupling, distribution characteristics

中图分类号:

TH128

曹斯诗, 张志飞, 贺岩松, 徐中明. 天窗风振噪声中气动能和声能的分布特性分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 62(6): 325-336.

CAO Sishi, ZHANG Zhifei, HE Yansong, XU Zhongming. Analyses of the Distribution Characteristics of Aerodynamic Energy and Acoustic Energy in Sunroof Wind Buffeting Noise[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 62(6): 325-336.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V62/I6/325

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